Work

Impact of recombinant expression in Komagataella phaffii on the allergenic properties of the peanut allergen Ara h 2

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction Recombinant allergens are an important diagnostic tool for determining the IgE-sensitization profile of patients, assessing the risk of symptom severity and potential clinical cross-reactivity. In this context, the use of different host cells for recombinant expression must be evaluated in terms of IgE reactivity and diagnostic value. Therefore, recombinant Ara h 2, the major peanut allergen, was produced in yeast, structurally characterized and investigated in respect to IgE-binding and allergenic properties. Methods Ara h 2 was produced as recombinant protein using yeast and E. coli expression systems. Purified proteins were assessed using SDS-PAGE (reducing and non-reducing conditions), CD-spectroscopy and IgE-reactivity. Results Recombinant Ara h 2 wt expressed in yeast resulted in an additional predominant band of approximately 12 kDa upon DTT treatment. In contrast, the molecular mass of rAra h 2 expressed in E. coli (Ara h 2 E.coli ) remained unaffected by reduction. Analysis of rAra h 2 wt confirmed the presence of two Ara h 2-derived peptides, one with the expected N-terminus and the other with an N-terminal glycine residue. In silico analysis revealed the presence of a Kex2 cleavage site (R 58 R 59 *G 60 ). To test whether Kex2 cleavage affects an IgE-epitope, mutagenesis of this cleavage site from R 58 to E 58 (Ara h 2 mut ) was performed. DTT treatment of rAra h 2 mut purified from yeast showed that no cleavage of the protein had occurred. No effect on IgE binding could be observed as all rAra h 2 preparations showed IgE-reactivity. Cross-linking of human serum IgE and monoclonal human Ara h 2-specific IgE antibodies showed comparable mediator release in response to Ara h 2 wt and rAra h 2 mut . However, utilizing a specific combination of human Ara h 2-specific IgE antibodies revealed slight epitope diversity between wildtype and mutated rAra h 2. Discussion An endogenous protease, like Kex2 from the expression system, can affect the structural integrity of the target protein, leading to a slightly altered epitope structure. Even this finding has little or no impact for diagnosis, a suitable expression system and a detailed physico- and immunochemical characterization of recombinant allergens prior to their use as a diagnostic tool are of great importance.

Source: Frontiers in Immunology

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1713823