Trap‐Assisted Transport and Neuromorphic Plasticity in Lead‐Free 2D Perovskites PEA 2 SnI 4
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Tin‐based perovskites offer one of the most viable sustainable alternatives to their lead counterparts, combining comparable band structures with strong visible‐light absorption and favorable charge transport. Most studies have focused on thin films, where grain boundaries dominate charge transport, and the large surface area accelerates the oxidation of tin, obscuring the intrinsic properties of the material. Here, single crystals of phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA 2 SnI 4 ) are investigated, isolating their fundamental optoelectronic response from film‐related artefacts. It is found that air and light exposure primarily affect surface layers, with partial recovery achievable through exfoliation. Photodetectors fabricated from single crystals exhibit a photoresponsivity of ≈60 A W −1 under low‐intensity 650 nm illumination, with photocurrent scaling quadratically with bias in a space charge‐limited current regime, and transport displaying a transition from thermal excitation to phonon scattering at 225 K. Time‐resolved photocurrent measurements further reveal prolonged decay dynamics and cumulative pulse responses, characteristic of short‐term synaptic plasticity such as temporal integration and voltage‐modulated persistence. These findings establish PEA 2 SnI 4 single crystals as a benchmark for understanding degradation and transport in lead‐free perovskites, while positioning them as a viable materials platform for neuromorphic vision and adaptive optoelectronics.
Source: Advanced Functional Materials
Authors: Ofelia Durante, Valeria Demontis, Karl Jonas Riisnaes, Lam Hoi Tung, Sebastiano De Stefano, Daniela Marongiu, Adolfo Mazzotti, Aditya Bhardwaj, Francesco Mattana, Elisa Pili, Selene Matta, Federico Paolucci, Michele Saba, Andrea Mura, Giovanni Bongiovanni, Monica F Craciun, Saverio Russo, Antonio Di Bartolomeo
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,790
Funders: Università degli Studi di Cagliari, UK Research and Innovation, Leverhulme Trust, European Commission, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Nuclear Physics, EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Technology Enhanced Chemical Synthesis, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Awards: G1018962041, G1047094965, G1614537436, G1816057849, G2149140058, G2306727999, Quantum Information with Mechanical Systems (QuIMS), G2600917129, G2671315956, Chiral Metamaterials for THz Polarisation Control, G3026209367, G3210882976, G3265574621, G3345895242, G3477743816, G4807752964, Wearable light emitting transistors for future communication devices, G4937468798, G4983588855, G501464079, G5045220161, G5122332991, G5130385390, G5431920119, G5753995467, G590396459, G5972932706, G598502428, Terahertz Antennas with Self-amplified Spontaneous Emission, Electric and optical manipulation of 2D excitons for room temperature polariton blockade and valley qubits, Engineering Fellowships for Growth: Imperceptible smart coatings based on atomically thin materials, Graphene based quantum information technologies, G7216922035, Transcriptional regulation of male courtship behaviour: understanding Fruitless molecular networks, G8409961469, G8512683158, G8704402982, G912668888, G9644609, G972786147
OpenAlex ID: W4417449915