Numerical analysis of low-viscosity lubricants in hybrid electric vehicles using validated methodologies: Friction, fuel economy, and wear performance
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: • Simulation offers advantages for lubricants assessment in real driving scenarios. • The study focuses on hybridization strategy, fuel economy and wear protection. • Hybrid electric vehicle lubricants are detailed characterize. • A multiphysics simulation model is developed to account full vehicle. • Evaluation results guide lubricant selection for more efficient performance. . In the context of the evolving automotive industry influenced by stringent environmental regulations from the European Commission, this study investigates the implications of low-viscosity lubricants on Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) performance and engine durability. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are adapting to these regulations by prioritizing greener technologies, such as electric powertrains and lightweight materials. Our research focuses on a comprehensive simulation framework that integrates advanced modelling techniques to evaluate HEV architectures and their lubricant interactions under various real-world driving conditions. Utilizing the Renault Captur HEV as a base model with different hybridization strategy, we assessed the performance of three lubricants (0W-20, 5W-30, and 0W-8) across multiple standardized and self-recorded driving cycles. The findings show that reducing lubricant viscosity significantly improves fuel economy, with Oil C (0W-8) outperforming Oils A (0W-20) and B (5W-30) in various tests; however, they also present challenges concerning engine wear, particularly under high-load or rapid start-stop conditions. The study highlights the need for advanced anti-wear additives and appropriate surface treatments to enhance the durability of engine components. Using a semi-predictive modelling approach, we validated real-time system-level behaviours against experimental data concerning fuel consumption, oil temperature, battery state of charge, and lubricant friction performance. Our findings indicate that the assessment of wear protection aligns with the observed oil degradation and increased metal concentration after 60 driving cycles in the experimental data. Notably, the use of lower viscosity lubricants significantly affects the durability of engine components. This underscores the need for careful consideration when selecting lubricants to optimize performance while maintaining component longevity.
Source: Results in Engineering
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,940
OpenAlex ID: W4417488645