Work

Optimization of crude palm oil bleaching process using nano SiO2-bleaching earth: A sustainable approach for enhanced quality and efficiency

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: Background: While nano SiO2-modified bentonite has shown potential in pigment adsorption, its application in crude palm oil (CPO) bleaching has lacked systematic process optimization and industrial validation. This study introduces a novel integration of nano SiO2-BE with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to minimize material usage, reduce waste, and achieve superior oil quality. The work addresses gaps in prior research by providing a statistically optimized, sustainable solution for large-scale CPO bleaching. Methods: Nano SiO2-modified BE was prepared by incorporating 15% nano SiO2 into bentonite. The bleaching process was performed under varying conditions of BE concentration (1–2%), temperature (70–90°C), and contact time (60–90 min). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to model and optimize the effects of these variables on β-carotene reduction and color response. Findings: The optimal bleaching conditions were identified as 1% nano SiO2-BE concentration, 70°C temperature, and 90 minutes of contact time. Under these conditions, β-carotene content was reduced to 408 ppm, and color clarity exceeded industrial standards. The quadratic regression models demonstrated high accuracy (R2 = 0.9884 for β-carotene; R2 =0.9651 for color). This approach achieved high bleaching efficiency with reduced material usage, supporting cost savings and sustainability in palm oil refining.

Source: Industrial Crops and Products

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122525