Work

A Non-Zonal and Non-Singular Formulation of the Gauss-Krüger Projection for Polar Regions

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The complex analytic continuation can be developed to enable the Gauss-Krüger projection to be non-zonal and non-singular in polar regions. The series expansion of the traditional Gauss-Krüger projection in terms of third flattening has been derived by using a computer algebra system, leading to a substantial simplification of the final formulas without compromising accuracy compared with the series expansion in terms of eccentricity. Therefore, the non-zonal formulas of the Gauss-Krüger projection in term of third flattening have been expressed, and the non-zonal and the non-singular formulas of the Gauss-Krüger projection has been derived by the conformal colatitude. With respect to the mapping of 4 high-latitude regions (Finland, Sweden, Norway and Alaska) and its isopleth map, it was verified that the non-zonal and the non-singular algorithm of the Gauss-Krüger projection had high precision and minimal distortion in polar regions. The method presented a meaningful supplement to the existing Gauss–Krüger projection family.

Source: Mathematics

DOI: 10.3390/math14010002

Authors: Dongquan Zhou, Shaofeng Bian, Wenkui Li, Zemin Wu

Institutions: China University of Geosciences, Naval University of Engineering

Language: English

Topic: Historical Geography and Cartography

Subfield: Geography, Planning and Development

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities