Work

‘Falling down the rabbit hole’: a thematic analysis of young people’s views on TikTok algorithms and eating disorder content

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: TikTok's algorithm is at the centre of its user experience. The platform, which allows users to create and consume short-form content, can enable young people (YP) to feel less alone when experiencing illnesses such as eating disorders (EDs) by encouraging them to build communities around mental health-related content. However, emerging research suggests TikTok's algorithm might exacerbate ED symptoms by leading YP into spirals of ED content. This paper provides a lived experience perspective on what experiencing high volumes of ED content on TikTok's For You Page (FYP) can be like for YP. METHODS: We conducted 17 semi-structured interviews in which participants (UK-based, aged 18-25, with experience of disordered eating or an ED) described their experiences of using TikTok. We identified three themes that express how participants interact with ED content on TikTok: (1) View One, See More, (2) Morbid Curiosity, and (3) From Helpful to Unhelpful. Theme 1 describes viewing one unhelpful video and then being exposed to more of this content on the FYP. Theme 2 refers to YPs descriptions of a strong impulse to view ED content when it surfaces on their FYP even if it is felt to be unhelpful. Theme 3 recounts YPs experiences of viewing potentially helpful content (e.g., pro-recovery videos) and then being presented with pro-ED content on the FYP. Through a close linguistic analysis, we examine how participants talk about how they feel when viewing ED content on TikTok. FINDINGS: Participants reported engaging regularly with ED content on TikTok. Their interactions with ED content show that the personalised nature of TikTok's algorithm (which is sensitised to how long a user watches a video) can interact with and exacerbate some ED behaviours and psychologies, leading some YP into what they describe as negative echo-chambers of ED content. CONCLUSION: Platforms should assume greater responsibility for their algorithms' roles in intensifying ED symptoms and improve the efficacy of functions that help users control the content they see. A greater awareness of the role of TikTok in exacerbating ED thoughts and behaviours among mental health professionals is also necessary.

Source: Journal of Eating Disorders

DOI: 10.1186/s40337-025-01505-6