Offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder : childhood development and adulthood psychiatric morbidity
Year: 2004
Type: dissertation
Abstract: there were no descriptions of individuals that would meet DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia in ancient Greek and Roman literature (Evans et al., 2003).In the 19 th century clinical descriptions of the behaviour of patients contained many descriptive categories, but they were not divided into specific groups (Colp, 2000).Emil Kraepelin (1856Kraepelin ( -1926) ) was first to suggest that major psychoses could be divided into three groups: dementia praecox, which deteriorated to dementia; manic-depressive psychosis, which did not deteriorate; and paraphrenias.Paraphrenias were characterised by delusions and hallucinations and lack of symptoms of emotion and volition.The symptoms of dementia preacox were hallucinations, delusions, incoherence of thought and speech, catatonic symptoms, disordered attention, disordered judgement, emotional dullness, avolition, and autism.However, he considered no symptom as pathognomonic for dementia preacox.He divided dementia preacox into three clinical subtypes: hebephrenic, catatonic, and paranoid.(Kraepelin et al., 1919) Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) introduced the name "schizophrenia" and described its symptoms.The term came into persistent use because it described the fragmentation of mental functioning characteristic of the disorder.Bleuler divided symptoms of schizophrenia into two groups: fundamental symptoms and accessory symptoms.Fundamental symptoms were present in every schizophrenia patient throughout the entire illness period, while accessory symptoms were not necessarily present throughout the whole illness period and only some patients had them (Bleuler, 1911).He considered hallucinations and delusions to be accessory symptoms.Fundamental symptoms were disturbances in association, affect and attention, and symptoms of ambivalence and autism.He suggested that a person with schizophrenia does not necessary have delusions or hallucinations, and that patients without accessory symptoms are more common in community and that they (those with "simple schizophrenia") often remain unrecognised and untreated (Bleuler, 1911).This historical distribution into broad and narrow concepts of schizophrenia still exerts an important impact on epidemiological studies.Kurt Schneider (1887-1967) described characteristic symptoms for schizophrenia and divided them into "first rank" and "second rank symptoms".First rank symptoms were a group of hallucinations and delusions which he regarded as pathognomonic for schizophrenia (Carpenter et al., 1973).They were: audible thoughts, voices arguing or discussing, or both, commenting voices, somatic passivity experiences, thought withdrawal and other experiences of influenced thought, thought broadcasting, delusional perception, made impulses, thoughts, or volitional acts.The concept of first rank symptoms is still used in psychiatry.
Source: Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Author: Laura Niemi
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W582205566