Year: 2025
Type: preprint
Abstract: This paper investigates the robustness of futility analyses in clinical trials when interim analysis population deviates from the target population. We demonstrate how population shifts can distort early stopping decisions and propose post-stratification strategies to mitigate these effects. Simulation studies illustrate the impact of subgroup imbalances and the effectiveness of naive, model-based, and hybrid post-stratification methods. We also introduce a permutation-based screening test for identifying variables contributing to population heterogeneity. Our findings support the integration of post-stratification adjustments using all available baseline data at the interim analysis to enhance the validity and integrity of futility decisions.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Jin, Rui, Wu, Cai, Mesenbrink, Peter
Language: English
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6891746896
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