Population of giant planets around B stars from the first part of the BEAST survey
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Context. Exoplanets form from circumstellar protoplanetary disks whose fundamental properties (notably their extent, composition, mass, temperature, and lifetime) depend on the host star properties, such as their mass and luminosity. B stars are among the most massive stars and their protoplanetary disks test extreme conditions for exoplanet formation. Aims. This paper investigates the frequency of giant planet companions around young B stars (median age of 16 Myr) in the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) association, the closest association containing a large population of B stars. Methods. We systematically searched for massive exoplanets with the high-contrast direct imaging instrument SPHERE using the data from the BEAST survey, which targets a homogeneous sample of young B stars from the wide Sco-Cen association. We derived accurate detection limits in the case of non-detections. Results. We found evidence in previous papers for two substellar companions around 42 stars. The masses of these companions are straddling the ~13 Jupiter mass deuterium burning limit, but their mass ratio with respect to their host star is close to that of Jupiter. We derived a frequency of such massive planetary-mass companions around B stars of 11−5+7%, accounting for the survey sensitivity. Conclusions. The discoveries of substellar companions b Centaurib and μ2 Sco B happened after only a few stars in the survey had been observed, raising the possibility that massive Jovian planets might be common around B stars. However, our statistical analysis shows that the occurrence rate of such planets is similar around B stars and around solar-type stars of a similar age, while B-star companions exhibit low mass ratios and a larger semi-major axis.
DOI: 10.48620/85294
Authors: Delorme, P., Chomez, A., Squicciarini, V., Janson, M., Flasseur, O., Schib, O., Gratton, R., Lagrange, A.-M., Langlois, M., Mayer, L., Helled, R., Reffert, S., Kiefer, F., Biller, B., Chauvin, G., Fontanive, C., Henning, Th., Kenworthy, M., Marleau, G.-D., Mesa, D., Meyer, M. R., Mordasini, C., Ringqvist, S. C., Samland, M., Vigan, A., Viswanath, G.
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6892036893
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