Tupinicaris rupestris Corgosinho, Rocha, Neves, Calixto, Mendes & Schizas, 2024, gen. et sp. nov.
Year: 2024
Type: other
Abstract: Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov. Corgosinho, da Rocha and Perbiche Neves, 2024(9 figures); type species. Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9E5F4ED0-AAC3-4042-AC66-BDB79095F266 Type material: Holotype, one dissected male on five slides (UFBA-4830). Allotype, one dissected female on six slides (UFBA-4831). Paratypes, four males (UFBA-4832) and eight females preserved in alcohol 70% (UFBA-4833), one female dissected in four slides (UFBA-4834), one intact male mounted in one slide (UFBA-4835). Etymology: The generic name is in honor of one of the largest Brazilian native ethnic groups which were once widespread throughout the Brazilian territory, including vast areas of the Minas Gerais state, up to the Jequitinhonha River basin, combining the name of this ethnic group with the ancient Greek substantive for shrimp, καρίς (caris). The specific epithet “ rupestris ” refers to the kind of Biome predominant in the type locality. Type locality: Sandy beach downstream the Crioulos waterfall at Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Coordinates 18° 8’43.72” S; 43°22’9.61” W (Fig. 1). Description of male (Figs. 2-5, 8). Length 303 µm measured from rostrum to end of telson excluding furca. Rostrum not fused to cephalothorax, with wide base and two sensilla on tip (Fig. 2A, B). Cephalothorax (Fig. 2A, B, 8B) and Urs-2-5 with dorsal integumental window (Fig. 2A, B). Patterns of sensilla as depicted (Fig. 2A, B). Telson with bifid spiniform processes ventrally and distally inserted, internal to furcal insertion (Figs. 2A, C, 8A, C). Fu cylindrical, tapering distally, divergent, 1.5 times longer than telson, about 3.5 times as long as wide, armed with seven setae (Setae I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII), with distinct gap between setae I-III and VII; setae I-III inserted contiguously on proximal third; seta VII on distal third; setae II and III shortest; seta I and VI approximately of same size; seta V unipinate and longest; seta IV unipinate, approximately as long as seta VII and 1/3 the length of seta V (Fig. 2 A, C). A1 (Fig. 3A, B) eight-segmented; segments 5-8 forming functional unit for clasping the female; segments armature as follows: 1(0)/ 2(5)/ 3(4)/ 4(2)/ 5(2+ (1+ae))/ 6(1Ms)/ 7(1+1Ms)/ 8(6+ acrothec of 2+ae+distal hyaline margin). A2 (Fig. 3C) allobasis without abexopodal armature; one-segmented exp with one unipinate seta; free endopodal segment armed with two inner spines and five distal setae/spines, two of them geniculated. Labrum (Fig. 3I) triangular in lateral view, with distal row of spinules. Md Fig 3D, E coxal gnathobasis with distal row of teeth and seta; palp one-segmented, with two distal setae. Mx1 (Fig. 3F) praecoxal arthrite with five elements (surface seta thick and blunt, three claw-like pinnate spines, and slender seta); coxal endite with one seta; basis with three setae. Mx (Fig. 3G) allobasis with two endites; proximal endite with one seta; distal endite with two smooth setae and serrate spine; proximal endopodal segment drawn out into claw; distal endopodal segment with two setae. Mxp (Fig. 3H) subchelate; syncoxa about 1/3 length of basis; enp drawn into spinulose claw. P1 (Fig. 4A) coxa and basis smooth; basis with outer seta and outer pore; enp two-segmented, enp-1 nearly as long as exp-1 and exp-2 combined, with two long inner setulae and three long outer setulae; enp-2 with one outer spine and one long geniculate seta, with posterior hyaline frill; exp three-segmented, exp-1 with outer spine, proximal and distal rows of spinules on outer margin, exp-2 unarmed, with two outer spinules at distal portion, exp- 3 with two outer spinules proximally, with two outer spines and two geniculate apical setae. P2 (Fig. 4B) coxa smooth; basis without outer seta, with row of spinules proximally on outer margin and one outer pore; enp one-segmented, slightly shorter than half of exp-1, with strong subdistal inner spinule, two strong distal spinules and a distal seta; exp three-segmented, exp-1 with rows of strong spinules proximally and distally inserted, and with inner hyaline frill; outer spine very long, almost as long as the exp-1 and exp-2 combined; exp-2 unarmed, with distal row of strong spinules; exp-3 with outer and distal row of spinules and inner hyaline frill; one outer unipinate spine, one distal unipinate spine, and one bipinate apical seta. A P3 (Fig. 4C) coxa and basis smooth and rectangular, longer than their width; basis with a small bulge proximally to setiform enp, ornamented with spinules on outer margin, with long outer seta, and outer pore; exp-1 almost straight on its proximal 2/3, expanding on its distal 1/3, with row of outer spinules medially inserted; exp-1 followed by thin and scythe-shaped apophysis fused to exp-1; thumb shorter than apophysis and hook-shaped. P4 (Fig. 4D) coxa smooth; basis with outer pore, outer seta, and a row of spinules in the insertion of this seta; strong spinule inserted anteriorly to thin and long enp; enp almost as long as exp-1 and ornamented with row of very small spinules along outer margin; exp-1 without inner hyaline frill, with rows of strong spinules proximally and distally to outer spine; exp-2 with distal row of spinules, stronger on the outer margin; exp-3 with subdistal and distal rows of spinules, with outer unipinate spine, distal unipinate seta and inner hyaline frill. A P5 (Fig. 5A, B) long, with short acuminate tip, distal rim of which reaching beyond middle of next urosomite, with three outer setae inserted on its distal third, distal most seta the shortest; distal hyaline cushion probably representing a transformed seta; with row of spinules covering more than half of inner margin. P6 (Fig. 5A, B) an unarmed ventral flap. Description of female (Figs 6, 7, 9). Length 351μm, measured from tip of rostrum to end of telson, excluding Fu. Sexual dimorphism expressed in A1, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and genital-double somite. Cephalothorax and Urs-2-4 with dorsal integumental windows (Fig. 6A). A1 seven-segmented (Fig. 6B); armature as follows: 1(0)/2(4)/3(4)/4(1+ (1+ae))/5(1)/6(1)/7(7+ (2+ae)). P1 (Fig. 7A) as in male, except for fine ornamentation; enp-1 with four inner setulae and three outer setulae. P2 (Fig. 7B) as in male, except for the fine ornamentation of enp, with subdistal outer spinule, three distal spinules and distal seta. P3 (Fig. 7C) coxa without ornamentation; basis with long outer seta and outer pore; exp two-segmented, exp1 with strong spinules on outer margin, proximal and distal to outer spine, and row of spinules on inner distal corner; exp-2 with subdistal row of spinules on outer margin, with inner hyaline frill, outer bipinate spine and distal unipinate seta; enp one-segmented, club-shaped with short distal seta. P4 (Fig. 7D) as in male, except for enp spiniform, with outer and distal spinules along its distal half, almost as long as exp-1 and 2 combined. P5 (Fig. 6C) long, with short acuminate distal tip, distal rim of which reaching beyond the middle of the genital double somite, with three outer setae inserted on distal third, with distal hyaline cushion probably representing a transformed seta; with row of spinules at distal third of inner margin. Genital field (Fig. 6C, D, 9 A-C) T-shaped with long rima genitalis, more than two thirds longer than the whole length of the genital double somite. A A Discussion Four characters are of paramount importance to place Tupinicaris rupestris gen.et sp.nov. within the Fontinalicaridinae. They are 1) the gap between the outer setae I-III of furca and seta VII, with the outer setae inserted on the proximal 1/3 of furca and the dorsal seta VII on the distal 1/3; 2) the club-shaped female P3 enp; 3) the longer than wide genital apparatus of the female, with a long rima genitalis; 4) the P5 of both male and female reaching pass the middle of the next urosomite. Maybe we could add a fifth character, which is not so characteristic in Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov. as it is in other Fontinalicaridinae Schminke, 2010 such as Fontinalicaris sensu Martínez Arbizu (1994) and Proserpinicaris Jakobi, 1972. This is the single anterior long spinule accompanying the male enp. In many fontinalicaridids, this spinule occurs between the exp-1 and the enp of the male P4. In Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., it moves outwardly and anteriorly to the male enp instead. As described by Schminke (2010), in the Parastenocaridinae Chappuis, 1940 there is no gap between the setae I-III and the seta VII, in the female the P3 enp is spiniform and longer than in the Fontinalicaridinae; the P5 of both males and females do not reach the middle of the next somite and the genital field is a transverse slit. When a spinule accompanies the male enp, it is inserted on the outer margin of the basis or anteriorly to the enp, normally as a very short raw of spinules. Within the Neotropical region, it is not easy to decipher the phylogenetic position of Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov. Despite some characters hitherto found within the Parastenocarididae, such as the scythe-shaped male P3 apophysis, the hyaline cushion on the distal rim of both males and females P5 (probably representing a transformed seta), and the ventral biphid spiniform process in the telson, there are only a handful of characters which could help us infer the phylogenetic affinities of this new genus and species. Five characters are of high importance in this respect: 1) the long outer spine of the P2 exp-1 of both males and females; 2) the rectangular coxa and basis of the male P3; 3) the inner bulge on the basis of the male P3; 4) the long and thin male P4 enp; 5) and the presence of only 3 outer setae of the male and female P5. The long outer spine in the P2 exp-1 was described for Noodtcaris tapajosensis (Noodt, 1963) (viz. Gaviria et al. 2017). In Noodtcaris tapajosensis, differently from Tupinicaris rupestris gen. et sp. nov., a long exp-1 outer spine occurs in both P2 and P4, longer in the P2.
Language: English
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6892943758
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