An Alternative to the Big Bang: USP Field View of a Shattering Black Hole
Year: 2025
Type: report
Abstract: This document develops a foundation-level distinction between local black-hole terminal endpoints and the universal terminal limit of the finite Absolute Universe. A black hole is interpreted in USP Field Theory as a local terminal mass–energy geometry. Under extreme collapse, ordinary atomic, nuclear, radiative, and material identities become progressively inaccessible, while positive mass–energy, momentum, angular momentum, and charge remain conserved. The central refinement is that terminality is intensive before it is extensive. A local internal state may approach a finite saturation boundary while the black hole continues to gain total mass, angular momentum, horizon area, and terminal-storage extent through accretion or merger. The “mass endpoint” is therefore not a universal maximum black-hole mass. It is the local endpoint of ordinary accessible structural identity. The document defines a local terminality index using declared density, mismatch, and compactness proxies: Θ_L → 1 when ordinary lower-compression stationary structures no longer provide accessible relaxation channels. The terminal energy ledger remains positive: E_term = ∫ u(x,t) d³x M_term = E_term / c² with: u(x,t) ≥ 0 The paper distinguishes many local terminal endpoints from the universal terminal limit. For all terminal regions, a global terminal fraction is defined as: F_term = E_term^all / E_tot and a remaining relaxation-availability measure is defined as: A_relax = energy-weighted accessible relaxation capacity The universal terminal limit is approached only when: F_term → 1 and: A_relax → 0⁺ No individual stellar or supermassive black hole is identified with this universal state. The universal endpoint is a closure condition of the total finite continuum, not necessarily one central super-black-hole or one object containing the entire universe in ordinary spatial geometry. The document also separates exterior observation from interior interpretation. Event Horizon Telescope rings, accretion spectra, polarization, gravitational-wave signals, and compact-object dynamics constrain the exterior geometry and source environment. They do not directly image or confirm a finite terminal core. Every detector-facing prediction must follow the chain: Source state → exterior metric, plasma, and particle transport → detector response → covariance-aware residual A generic joint model is written as: d = μ_standard + A_USP F_USP + ε with the exact standard null: A_USP = 0 The document introduces a neutrino-last accessibility hypothesis. Because photons may be strongly absorbed or scattered in dense source environments while neutrinos remain weakly coupled, neutrinos may carry information from the deepest still-causal pre-horizon or surrounding regions. This does not imply that neutrinos escape from inside a classical event horizon, that every black hole emits detectable neutrinos, or that all terminal energy becomes neutrinos. Gravitational waves remain a separate geometry-sensitive messenger and are not treated as material fragments. A messenger-accessibility functional is defined only over the causal exterior: A_esc^(a) = ∫ S_a P_esc^(a) K_det^(a) d⁴x where the source, escape probability, and detector response depend on the messenger type. Reversal is retained only as a conditional USP branch. Local terminality alone is not sufficient. A reversal would require: Near-complete local terminality Continuing positive input Exhausted internal relaxation capacity An admissible outward causal branch Complete conservation of energy, momentum, angular momentum, and charge A reversal-eligibility functional is introduced for bookkeeping, but no universal threshold or first-principles reversal waveform is claimed. Reversal is not identified with: A supernova An accretion flare A jet eruption A tidal disruption event A black-hole merger Hawking evaporation A white hole Any currently confirmed transient The document distinguishes local reversal from universal reversal. A local reversal would redistribute a finite regional ledger, while a universal reversal would involve the closure state of the total finite continuum. A guarded primordial re-emergence pathway is retained only as a conditional sequence: Terminal release → strong and nuclear reorganization → baryonic locking → leptonic and atomic compatibility → hydrogen-dominated medium → stellar processing → environmental capture or independent structure growth This pathway does not mean that a local release directly creates a galaxy or automatically reproduces standard primordial nucleosynthesis. The central conclusion is: Finite local saturation + positive conserved storage + extensive growth ≠ universal terminal closure The framework preserves General Relativity, Kerr geometry, black-hole thermodynamics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime, neutrino physics, gravitational-wave astronomy, accretion theory, and standard cosmology as the quantitative baselines.
Author: sepehri, sadegh
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6893200485
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