Cells Are the Solely Reactive Structures Originating Internal Driving Forces of Organism's Adaptation to External/internal Shifts
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Current presentations about the dynamics of human somatic health parameters (SHP) are too scarce to be used to diagnose and effectively cure non-trivial multifactor pathologies often accompanying aging. This theoretical article argues that originators of SHP’s dynamics are internal driving forces (IDF) ерфе appearing due to cells’ passive or active adaptation to induced energy imbalance (IEI). IEI appears under the low synthesis of ATP molecules or their inadequate high expenditures and suppresses the cell metabolism. This concentrates on two types of specific cytoplasmic interim chemicals also known as adaptation factors (AF1s and AF2s). AF1s penetrate the nucleus and correct the expression of genes responsible for certain metabolic transformations. This is the intracellular negative feedback (INF) with the main targets of mitochondria and ribosomes. AF2s, mainly appearing during extreme IEI, leave the cell and circulate with body liquids. Some of the AF2s act in local tissues and alter vascular parameters. Target cells of other AF2s are located in organs and functional systems that provide chemical income to cells or purify their cytoplasm. This is the multicellular mechanism (MM) enhancing the effect of INF. Due to the combined efforts of INF and MM, every cell dynamically self-tunes its organelles. These cellular reconstructions reconfigure the previously existing gradients of nutrient concentration thus under a general lack of nutrients, cells with lower assimilation power eventually fall into the state of IEI. Conclusions: 1) the cell is both the receptor of environmental alterations and the structural unit capable of adaptive responding to them; 2) individual adaptive self-tunings of cells alter the existing concentrations and originate IDF of those adaptation phenomena that were observed in experiments and described at the scales of organs and entire organism; 3) with revealing the nature of IDF medics can create effective technologies for control of adaptation’s IDFs.
Author: Grygoryan R.
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6911769149
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