Medicine and comprehensive treatment of hypertension: drug and non-drug therapy
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: The article discusses in detail modern methods of complex treatment of hypertension, which occupies one of the leading places among the causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Hypertension is characterised by a sustained increase in blood pressure, which in the long term leads to damage to vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain and blood vessels. Therefore, timely and effective therapy is a key aspect in the fight against this disease. Drug treatment of hypertension is the mainstay of therapy, and this article provides an in-depth analysis of the pharmacological groups that are used in practice. Such drugs as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (sartans), beta-adrenoblockers, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide and loop diuretics are considered. The mechanisms of action of each group, their effect on blood pressure, as well as side effects and contraindications are described. The data of clinical studies confirming the effectiveness of various therapy regimens, including the combination of drugs to achieve a stable reduction in blood pressure are given. In addition, considerable attention is paid to non-medication therapy of hypertension, which is an important adjunct to drug treatment. The article emphasizes the need to change the patient's lifestyle, which includes nutritional correction, reducing salt intake, maintaining a normal level of physical activity, controlling body weight and avoiding bad habits such as smoking and alcohol abuse. The principles of rational nutrition in hypertension are discussed, including the DASH diet, which is rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains and low-fat dairy products and has been shown to be effective in reducing blood pressure. Psychotherapeutic approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques that can reduce stress, an important factor in the development of hypertension, are also discussed. Modern physical rehabilitation techniques, including physical therapy, aerobic exercise and yoga, are discussed to help normalize blood pressure and improve patients' general well-being. The article pays special attention to a personalized approach to the treatment of hypertension. The author emphasizes that the choice of drug therapy should be based not only on blood pressure levels, but also on the presence of co morbidities, patient's age and individual tolerance to drugs. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of hypertension, which combines drug and non-drug therapy, allows not only to effectively control blood pressure, but also to prevent the development of complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart and renal failure. Thus, the article emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach in the management of hypertension, which requires the active participation of both the physician and the patient to achieve long-term positive results and improved quality of life.
Authors: Daria Dmitrievna Shikhranova, Alexandra Dmitrievna Belyavskaya, Anastasiia Andreevna Gubina, Grigorieva Alyona Gennadievna, Lalita Malkhazovna Mikhailyuk, Ekaterina Sergeevna Barinova, Anna Eduardovna Sokolova
Institutions: Chuvash State University, Sechenov University
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W6911845538
FWCI:
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: