Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Second language acquisition (SLA) is a multifaceted process that extends beyond communication, offering cognitive, professional, and cultural benefits. Unlike first language acquisition, SLA follows distinct stages, including the silent period, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency. However, progression is not always linear, as various linguistic skills develop at different rates. Several factors influence the effectiveness of language learning, including age, language distance, motivation, learning environment, and individual differences. Multiple theories attempt to explain SLA, ranging from Chomsky’s Universal Grammar to Krashen’s Input Hypothesis and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, each highlighting different cognitive and social mechanisms. As research in SLA continues to evolve, it enhances our understanding of how language learning can be optimized for diverse learners in various contexts. Ultimately, acquiring a second language is a transformative experience that fosters cognitive growth, career opportunities, and cross-cultural competence.
Author: Abdurasulova Kamola Komiljonovna
Language: English
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W6911983304
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