How the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU) Explains Mass Anomalies in Non-Equilibrium Systems: From Miroshnikov to Kozyrev
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: How the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU) Explains Mass Anomalies in Non-Equilibrium Systems: From Miroshnikov to Kozyrev Lemeshko Andriy Doctor of Philosophy, Associate ProfessorTaras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, UkraineORCID: 0000-0001-8003-3168 Table of Contents · Abstract · Introduction · Section I. Theory of Mass Without Higgs · Section II. Miroshnikov's Experiments · Section III. Kozyrev's Experiments · Section IV. TTU as an Explanatory Framework · Section V. Predictions and Experiments · Conclusion (Epilogue) · Acknowledgments · References Abstract This paper presents the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU) — an innovative ontological model of time capable of explaining mass anomalies in non-equilibrium systems. Based on the experiments of Miroshnikov and Kozyrev, it demonstrates how mass depends on temperature, vibrations, and rotation. TTU unifies key concepts of entropy, mass, gravity, and time, offering a new theoretical framework for their understanding. Keywords: temporal density, mass, entropy, vibrations, time, Miroshnikov, Kozyrev Introduction The Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU) represents an attempt to unify classical and modern concepts of time into a single ontological model. The introduction of TTU allows for a new perspective on the nature of mass, its dependence on external factors, and its interaction with other fundamental quantities. In this article, we examine the key aspects of TTU, its experimental confirmations and predictions, and propose new directions for research. Section I. Theory of Mass Without Higgs 1.1. TTU’s Core Equation Mass is defined as the integral of temporal density over a volume: [ m = \int_V \rho_T(x, t) , dV \tag{1} ] where ( \rho_T(x, t) ) is the temporal density, modulated by structure, temperature, vibrations, and rotation. 1.2. Popular Explanation Imagine that time is not just a parameter but a physical substance that can be dense or rarefied. The mass of a body is determined by how much of this substance is "packed" into its volume. 1.3. Scientific Explanation According to the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU), mass arises from the integration of temporal density within the volume of a body. Temporal density ( \rho_T(x, t) ) describes the distribution of time as a physical substance, depending on structure, temperature, vibrations, and rotation. The core formula of TTU: [ m = \int_V \rho_T(x, t) , dV \tag{1} ] where: · ( \rho_T(x, t) ) — temporal density, dependent on external factors. · ( V ) — volume of the body. The mass of a body is defined as the integral of temporal density, meaning that any changes in ( \rho_T ) lead to changes in mass. For example, heating increases entropy, causing fluctuations in ( \rho_T ), while vibrations and rotation create modulation of the temporal flow. Thus, mass is a dynamic characteristic dependent on the interaction of the body with the temporal environment. 1.4. Influence of External Factors · Temperature: Heating increases entropy, leading to fluctuations in temporal density. [ \Delta m = \alpha\int_V \Delta \rho_T(T) dV \tag{2} ] · Vibrations: Resonant oscillations create modulation of the temporal flow, which can alter mass. [ \Delta m/m₀ = \kappa \cdot \int \[\delta \rho_T/\rho_T\] dV \quad \text{where} \ \\delta \rho_T = A \cdot f(\omega t) \tag{3} ] Explanation The coefficient ( \kappa ) reflects the degree of sensitivity of mass to changes in temporal density. Its value depends on the physical properties of the material, the structure of the body, and external conditions. ( \kappa ) is a dimensionless coefficient dependent on material properties and conditions. Physical Meaning of ( \delta \rho_T ) The change in temporal density ( \delta \rho_T ) describes local fluctuations of time as a physical substance. These fluctuations can be caused by external influences such as vibrations, temperature, or gravitational anomalies. The amplitude ( A ) and frequency ( \omega ) determine the nature of these changes, including their intensity and periodicity. · Rotation: The rotation of a body causes local compression or rarefaction of the temporal flow. [ \Delta m \propto \int_V (\omega \times r) \cdot abla \rho_T dV \tag{4,7} ] Thus, TTU explains mass as a dynamic characteristic dependent on the interaction of the body with the temporal environment. Section II. Miroshnikov's Experiments 2.1. Mass Change Due to Heating Description of the Experiment Miroshnikov conducted experiments in which heating bodies led to changes in their mass. During the experiments, changes in weight were recorded at different temperatures. TTU Interpretation According to the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU), heating increases entropy, causing fluctuations in temporal density ( \rho_T ). The mass of a body is defined as the integral of temporal density, which explains the observed changes. Formula [ m(T) = \int_V \rho_T(T, x) , dV \tag{5} ] where: · ( \rho_T(T, x) ) — temporal density, dependent on temperature. · ( V ) — volume of the body. 2.2. Vibrations and Weight Change Description of the Experiment Miroshnikov studied the effect of vibrations on the mass of bodies. Resonant oscillations created modulation of the temporal flow, leading to changes in weight. TTU Interpretation Resonant oscillations cause interference of temporal waves, leading to changes in mass. TTU explains the nonlinear dependence of weight on the frequency and amplitude of vibrations. Formula [ \Delta m/m₀ = \kappa \cdot \int \[\delta \rho_T/\rho_T\] dV \quad \text{where} \ \\delta \rho_T = A \cdot f(\omega t) \tag{6} ] where: · ( \kappa ) — proportionality coefficient. · ( \delta \rho_T ) — change in temporal density. · ( \rho_T ) — temporal density. · ( A ) — amplitude of vibrations. · ( \omega ) — frequency of vibrations. Thus, Miroshnikov's experiments confirm the dynamic nature of mass described by TTU. Section III. Kozyrev's Experiments 3.1. Gyroscopes and Temporal Flows Description of the Experiment Kozyrev conducted experiments with gyroscopes, in which changes in weight were recorded during their rotation. These changes were interpreted as the result of the interaction of the gyroscope with the temporal flow. TTU Interpretation According to the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTU), the rotation of a body causes local compression or rarefaction of the temporal flow. This leads to changes in mass, as confirmed by Kozyrev's observations. Formula [ \Delta m \propto \int_V (\omega \times r) \cdot abla \rho_T dV \tag{4,7} ] where: · ( \Delta m ) — change in mass. · ( \rho_T ) — temporal density. · ( \frac{d \rho_T}{dt} ) — rate of change of temporal density. 3.2. Astronomical Observations Description of the Experiment Kozyrev recorded the "direct action" of stars, which manifested as changes in the parameters of instruments directed at stars. These observations suggested the existence of non-local interaction through temporal rays. TTU Interpretation According to TTU, stars emit temporal rays that interact with objects on Earth. This interaction demonstrates that time is a physical agent, not just a parameter. Formula [ F_T \propto - abla(\int_V \rho_T dV) \tag{8} ] where: · ( F_T ) — force of temporal interaction. · ( \rho_T(x, t) ) — temporal density. · ( S ) — interaction area. Thus, Kozyrev's experiments confirm the key tenets of TTU, demonstrating that time can be a physical agent capable of transferring momentum and energy. 3.3. Speed of Temporal Waves Description The speed of propagation of temporal waves ( v_T ) depends on the local structure of time and can be significantly different from the speed of light. In conditions of strong entropy gradients or gravitational compression, ( v_T ) can increase sharply. Formula [ v_T = c\cdot exp\(\beta abla\rho_T\cdot abla S\) \tag{9} ] where: · ( \rho_T ) — temporal density. · ( abla \rho_T ) — density gradient. · ( S ) — entropy structure of the medium. Example Kozyrev claimed that the "direct action" of stars is recorded before the arrival of the electromagnetic signal, suggesting either instantaneous propagation or the presence of a non-local channel not limited by ( c ). Thus, the speed of temporal waves may be related to the geometry of time, not space. Section IV. TTU as an Explanatory Framework 4.1. Classical Physics and TTU In classical physics, mass is considered an invariant quantity, independent of external conditions. TTU, on the other hand, asserts that mass is derived from the temporal structure, making it a dynamic characteristic. 4.2. TTU Explains · Dependence of mass on temperature: Heating increases entropy, causing fluctuations in temporal density and, consequently, changes in mass. · Effect of vibrations: Resonant oscillations create modulation of the temporal flow, leading to changes in mass. · Non-local effects of time: Temporal rays emitted by stars demonstrate that time can be a physical agent capable of transferring momentum and energy. 4.3. TTU Unifies TTU unifies entropy, mass, gravity, and time into a single ontology, offering a new paradigm for understanding fundamental interactions. 4.4. Advantages of TTU · Universality: TTU explains a wide range of phenomena, from local mass changes to cosmological effects. · Predictive Power: TTU allows for predictions that can be experimentally tested, such as the effect of vibrations and temperature on mass. · Integration with Other Theories: TTU can be integrated with quantum mechanics and general relativity, creating a foundation for a unified theory of everything. 4.5. Comparison of TTU and the Standard Model Aspect Temporal Theory of the U
Author: Lemeshko, Andriy
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6912181929
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