The nature and construction of dark energy
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This paper offers a bold new model grounded in Foundational Science: that dark matter and dark energy are not mysterious substances, but structural features of the universe—temporal pressure and temporal current, respectively. These constructs emerge from a dual-domain framework governed by three foundational principles: Pattern, Balance, and Symmetry (PBS). Within this system, dark energy is reclassified as the directional flow of time (temporal current), while dark matter is understood as a stable triad of antiparticles (temporal pressure) that provides universal balance. This model resolves major cosmological paradoxes without invoking new particles—only structural clarity.
Author: Ruff, Jim
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6930677084
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