Tarucus (Kongmingius) ananda
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Tarucus (Kongmingius) ananda (de Nicéville, [1884]) (Îa"ĸ) (Figs. 1 for adults, 2 for genitalia, 3 for distribution, 4 for phylogeny) Castalius ananda de Nicéville, [1884]: 75 for original description + pl. 1, 11 for ♂; de Nicéville (1890): 198; Fruhstorfer (1923): 885 + pl. 153 for ♂. Tarucus ananda: Bethune-Baker (1918): pl. 14, fig. 13 for ♂ + pl. 17, fig. 13 for ♂ genitalia + pl. 20, fig. 30 for androconia; Evans (1932): pl. 27, fig. 12.1; Evans (1955): 181, fig. 13 for ♂ genitalia; D’Abrera (1986): 649 for ♀; Hirowatari (1992): 102 for ♀ genitalia; Singh & Chib (2015): 37; Shihan (2016): 114 for ♂; Sheela et al., (2019): 169 for ♀ lectotype [sic, actually ♂]; Basu et al. (2019): fig. 1c for ♂ and ♀ + fig. 2 for ♂ genitalia + fig. 3b for ♂ genitalia + fig. 10 for early stages; Kunte et al. (2025): ♂♂ and ♀♀. Tarucus waterstradti Druce, 1895 [misid.]: Lewis (1974): 181, fig. 5. Materials. 2 ♂♂, XII.2024, Zhanxi Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, local collector leg. (TAA1; CZL); 08.VII.2023, Mt. Wuzhi, Hainan, China, 850 m, Z. Liu leg. (TAD1; CZL). Distribution. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, China (Xizang, Yunnan, Hainan). Remarks. (1) This species is recognized as endemic to regions surrounding the Indian subcontinent, with no subspecific divisions (Basu et al. 2019). However, the individual collected from Hainan lies far outside its known range (Fig. 3). This finding represents another scarce biogeographical connection that link the butterfly fauna of Hainan directly to the Indian subcontinent, rather than to the adjacent Indochina (Okano 1994; Okubo 2007; Huyen et al. 2024; Ali et al. 2025; Inayoshi 2025). (2) The external appearances of two examined specimens show no significant differences with only minor variations in genitalia (Figs. 1, 2). Given the rarity of materials from China, whether these genital differences are related to geographical variations requires further study.
Authors: Li, Hua-Zhao, Liu, Zhe, Yin, Wen-Xi, Li, Jia-Ling
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6930730309
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