A Neutrosophic Participation Quadruple Model for Analyzing Student Engagement in Blended Physical Education
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Blended physical education (PE) integrates in-person and online activities, posing challenges in evaluating student engagement due to varying participation and uncertainties. This paper proposes a novel Neutrosophic Participation Quadruple (NPQ) model to assess engagement in college blended physical education (PE) courses. The model extends neutrosophic sets by adding a fourth component called “extended neutrality” to represent partial participation. It also uses topological structures to analyze engagement levels. We provide clear definitions, proven theorems, and a detailed case study. Compared to other methods, the NPQ model is better at handling uncertainty and partial engagement, giving educators a useful tool to improve teaching.
Author: Bin Cao
Language: English
Topic: Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6930740704
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