Toward a Unified Framework for Knot Theory, Hyperknot Theory, and Superhyperknot Theory via Superhyperstructures
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: . Many real-world concepts exhibit hierarchical organization, and mathematics has explored numerous hierarchical structures. Mathematical frameworks can often be extended into hyperstructures and superhyperstructures by employing the powerset and the n-th iterated powerset constructions (cf. [21,22]). The concept of SuperHyperStructures was defined by F. Smarandache and has been studied in the context of graphs, algebraic structures, and functions [19,22,25]. These extensions are particularly well suited for modeling hierarchical relationships across diverse conceptual domains. Knot theory studies smooth embeddings of circles in three-dimensional space, classifying knots by algebraic and geometric invariants and exploring their topological properties. Beyond its intrinsic theoretical interest, knot theory has found applications in chemistry, computer science, and other fields. In this paper, we develop HyperKnot Theory and SuperHyperKnot Theory as extensions of classical knot theory. We provide rigorous definitions, examine fundamental properties, and present illustrative examples of these new frameworks. We anticipate that this work will foster further advances in both the mathematical theory and practical applications of knots. Keywords: Hyperstructure, SuperHyperstructure, Knot Theory, HyperKnot Theory, SuperHyperKnot Theory
Author: Fujita, Takaaki
Language: English
Subfield: Geometry and Topology
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6930872450
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