Critical Analysis of Reforms About Early Childhood and Care Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the significance of Early Childhood and Care Education (ECCE) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study employed a quantitative survey-based research design, which included provincial education directors, district education officers, headmasters/mistresses, and ECCE teachers. The study population comprised of 157 headmasters/mistresses and 230 ECCE teachers. The study used a cluster random sampling technique to select a sample for generalization. Three self-developed questionnaires were created with the help of the supervisor and educational experts to collect data. Frequency, percentages, and chi-square statistical models were used to obtain the results. The majority of ECCE teachers identified gaps between policy and practices of ECCE in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Most teachers agreed that special training should be arranged for teachers to deal with ECCE children. The responsibility of providing training to ECCE teachers falls under the Provincial Institute of Teachers Education (PITE), and training is provided in RITEs to avail opportunities and overcome challenges faced in the implementation of ECCE in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The majority of teachers agreed that ECCE teachers should interact with parents of ECCE students periodically. Opportunities and challenges encountered by ECCE in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were identified. The majority of district education officers agreed that trained teachers are available in schools, and availability of additional budget for ECCE has been ensured by the government. Training of ECCE teachers has been conducted, and there exist ECCE rooms in schools. Directors agreed that a stimulating environment is a factor that can be associated with the holistic development of ECCE children. An interactive environment enhances the holistic development of ECCE children. The study recommended that the provincial government establishes separate ECCE classrooms, ensures the availability of ECCE teachers, facilities, materials, and arrangements for regular training. The provincial government may develop strategies for the implementation of provision of education policies 2009 and 2017 letter and spirit. Proper infrastructure development is required for the promotion of ECCE rooms in public schools. Additional budget may be allocated for the construction of ECCE rooms, and arrangements for specialized teachers' training to impart knowledge at their particular level of children.
Authors: Abdul Shakoor, Prof. Dr. Arshad
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6931050311
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