Meta-Analysis of Large Language Models: Benchmarking DeepSeek-R1 Against ChatGPT, Gemini, Qwen, and LLaMA
Year: 2025
Type: review
Abstract: BackgroundThe rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to the proliferation of large language models (LLMs), each with distinct architectures, capabilities, and applications. These models play a crucial role in various domains, including healthcare, finance, customer service, and content generation. However, differences in their design, performance, and ethical considerations necessitate a comparative analysis to understand their strengths and limitations. ObjectivesThis study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of leading LLMs, including DeepSeek-R1, ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Qwen, and Meta AI. The focus is on evaluating their performance, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ethical considerations. Additionally, the study investigates their applicability across domains and explores challenges related to explainability, bias, and sustainability. MethodsThe analysis adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach. Performance benchmarks, literature reviews, and industry reports were used to evaluate each model. The comparison was structured around key parameters such as processing efficiency, accuracy in natural language processing tasks, multimodal capabilities, and computational resource requirements. Ethical and sustainability considerations were assessed based on available regulatory frameworks and expert opinions. Results DeepSeek-R1 is a hybrid architecture that utilizes transformer models with knowledge graphs, ensuring high accuracy in applications such as healthcare, financial services, etc. Qwen is proficient in natural language processing (NLP) and content generation due to its extensive linguistic skills. ChatGPT utilizes a strong performance in customer support and educational applications, providing interactive and adaptable user experience. Google Gemini offers multimodal capabilities, enabling advanced cross-modal search and video analysis, making it a highly recommended choice for multimedia applications. Meta AI utilizes augmented reality (AR) and real-time social media interactions, enhancing user engagement, and content moderation. Conclusion Each LLM has unique strengths and limitations, making them suitable for different applications. While DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen excel in precision and text generation, ChatGPT is a valuable tool for education and customer service. Google Gemini leads in multimodal functionalities, and Meta AI provides innovative solutions in augmented reality and social media platforms. Ethical concerns, including bias, explainability, and sustainability, remain critical issues. Future research should focus on improving transparency, reducing bias, and enhancing energy consumption for sustainable AI applications. Keywords: DeepSeek, LLM, ChatGPT, Gemini, Qwen, LLaMA, AR, Ethics
Authors: Shafique Ahmed Awan, Muazzam Ali Khan Khattak, Abdullah Ayub Khan, Anwar Ali Sathio, Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh, Rex Bacarra, Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Rehman Aziz
Language: English
Topic: Topic Modeling
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6949378034
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