Beyond the Shell: The Implicit Closed Surface Theory in Engineering and Chemistry
Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: This paper explores how practical language and methodology in chemistry and engineering implicitly assume a closed surface structure for electrons, despite the prevailing quantum view of electrons as point-like probabilistic entities. By analyzing the widespread use of spatial concepts such as electron shells, orbitals, and molecular surfaces, the paper demonstrates that practitioners already operate under a surface-based model of electronic structure. The closed surface theory makes this implicit understanding explicit, offering a coherent geometric framework that aligns with empirical practices in crystallography, catalysis, and materials science.
Author: Konno, Tetsuo
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W6949542258
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