Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Context. Exoplanets form from circumstellar protoplanetary disks whose fundamental properties (notably their extent, composition, mass, temperature, and lifetime) depend on the host star properties, such as their mass and luminosity. B stars are among the most massive stars and their protoplanetary disks test extreme conditions for exoplanet formation. Aims. This paper investigates the frequency of giant planet companions around young B stars (median age of 16 Myr) in the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) association, the closest association containing a large population of B stars. Methods. We systematically searched for massive exoplanets with the high-contrast direct imaging instrument SPHERE using the data from the BEAST survey, which targets a homogeneous sample of young B stars from the wide Sco-Cen association. We derived accurate detection limits in the case of non-detections. Results. We found evidence in previous papers for two substellar companions around 42 stars. The masses of these companions are straddling the ~13 Jupiter mass deuterium burning limit, but their mass ratio with respect to their host star is close to that of Jupiter. We derived a frequency of such massive planetary-mass companions around B stars of 11−5+7%, accounting for the survey sensitivity. Conclusions. The discoveries of substellar companions b Centaurib and μ2 Sco B happened after only a few stars in the survey had been observed, raising the possibility that massive Jovian planets might be common around B stars. However, our statistical analysis shows that the occurrence rate of such planets is similar around B stars and around solar-type stars of a similar age, while B-star companions exhibit low mass ratios and a larger semi-major axis.
Authors: P. Delorme, A. Chomez, V. Squicciarini, M. Janson, O. Flasseur, O. Schib, R. Gratton, A.-M. Lagrange, M. Langlois, L. Mayer, R. Helled, S. Reffert, F. Kiefer, B. Biller, G. Chauvin, C. Fontanive, Th. Henning, M. Kenworthy, G.-D. Marleau, D. Mesa, M. R. Meyer, C. Mordasini, S. C. Ringqvist, M. Samland, A. Vigan, G. Viswanath
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Office National d'études et de Recherches Aérospatiales
Awards: G2121614283, Optical Infrared Co-ordination Network for Astronomy, G292453335, G2963620731, G3487714248, G39620777, G4030817349, G421967154, G434337789, PlanetsInTime: The history of planets from their origins to present day, G4832770986, G5458454780, G623270878, G7114018019, Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy, Nutrition-functional tailored food from microalgal-dairy hybrid systems through in-line sensing and predictive control of multiphase structure extrusion processing, G994248709
OpenAlex ID: W6959616583
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