Work

Optimization of high antioxidant smoothie from a mixture of milk, fruits and vegetables by response surface methodology (RSM)

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction: Smoothie which is mainely prepared from fruits and vegetables is a good source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, primarily antioxidants, which actively modulate disease development by inhibiting ROS-mediated reactions in the body. Smoothies represent an excellent and convenient alternative to promote the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Methods: The optimum combination of the five factors (carrot, beef, lettuce, pineapple, and banana) used to obtain the highest yield of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH, and FRAP was analyzed using the central composite design by response surface methodology. These fruits and vegetables used due to their availability and well-known health benefits. The effects of carrot (X1: 25-60g), beef (X2: 25-60g), lettuce (X3: 25-60g), pineapple (X4: 30-70g), and banana (X5: 25-60g), on the three variables (Y1, Y2, and Y3) were tested. Results: RSM generated 50 formulations. The experimental outcomes were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model regarding TPC (R2 = 0.9436, p = 0.0001), DPPH (R2 = 0.9292, p = 0.001), and FRAP (R2 = 0.0.9176, p = 0.001). The optimum combination was 25 g of carrot,25 g of beet, 25.55 g of lettuce, 70 g of pineapple, and 30.05 g of banana. The predicted results for TPC, DPPH, and FRAP were 21.87 mg GAE/100 g, 37.17 mmol TE /100g, and 54.12 mmol TE /100g, respectively. The experimental outcomes were close to the predicted results: 21.97±0.99 mg GAE/100 g, 36.86±0.76 mmol TE /100g, and 52.26±1.52 mmol TE /100g, respectively. Conclusion: As a result, RSM successfully optimized the range of variables. Consequently, the optimal combination of fruits and vegetables provided the highest antioxidant content and activities, which can be used as a functional smoothie.

Source: The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)

Authors: Kharsa, Badr Eddin, Ibrahim, Muhammad, Doolanea, Abd Monem, Anuar, Mohd Nur Nasyriq, Othman, Azizah

Institutions: International Islamic University Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi MARA System, Universiti Teknologi MARA

Language: English

Topic: Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Subfield: Biochemistry

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Zero hunger, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

Funder: International Islamic University Malaysia

OpenAlex ID: W6995669468