Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: Over 38.0 million people live with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as of 462019. HIV hijacks the host's cellular machinery to replicate its viral DNA and transcribe the corresponding RNA. HIV-1 transcription relies on both cellular and viral transcription factors for proper regulation. The viral transcriptional activator Tat is a primary regulator. Transcription activation and elongation is controlled through the interaction of Tat with Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb), a cellular transcriptional activator. The focus of this paper is 1) an in-depth understanding of the interaction between P-TEFb and Tat in HIV transcription, and 2) a review of recent therapeutic approaches for controlling HIV. First, I will describe the P-TEFb/Tat interaction involved in the activation of HIV-1 transcription and the post-translational modifications of Tat and P-TEFb that either inhibit or activate the complex. Then, I will discuss therapeutic approaches used to control HIV transcription and prevent cells from remaining in latency, and provide possible future studies for determining the efficacy of an experimental long-acting drug.
Source: Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Author: Griggs, Elizabeth
Institution: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7019695707