Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines
Year: 2018
Type: article
Abstract: The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Authors: Clotilde Théry, Kenneth W Witwer, Elena Aikawa, Maria Jose Alcaraz, Johnathon D Anderson, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, Anna Antoniou, Tanina Arab, Fabienne Archer, Georgia K Atkin‐Smith, D Craig Ayre, Jean‐Marie Bach, Daniel Bachurski, Hossein Baharvand, Leonora Balaj, Shawn Baldacchino, Natalie N Bauer, Amy A Baxter, Mary Bebawy, Carla Beckham, Apolonija Bedina Zavec, Abderrahim Benmoussa, Anna C Berardi, Paolo Bergese, Ewa Bielska, Cherie Blenkiron, Sylwia Bobis‐Wozowicz, Eric Boilard, Wilfrid Boireau, Antonella Bongiovanni, Francesc E Borràs, Steffi Bosch, Chantal M Boulanger, Xandra Breakefield, Andrew M Breglio, Meadhbh Á Brennan, David R Brigstock, Alain Brisson, Marike LD Broekman, Jacqueline F Bromberg, Paulina Bryl‐Górecka, Shilpa Buch, Amy H Buck, Dylan Burger, Sara Busatto, Dominik Buschmann, Benedetta Bussolati, Edit I Buzás, James Bryan Byrd, Giovanni Camussi, David RF Carter, Sarah Caruso, Lawrence W Chamley, Yu‐Ting Chang, Chihchen Chen, Shuai Chen, Lesley Cheng, Andrew R Chin, Aled Clayton, Stefano P Clerici, Alex Cocks, Emanuele Cocucci, Robert J Coffey, Anabela Cordeiro‐da‐Silva, Yvonne Couch, Frank AW Coumans, Beth Coyle, Rossella Crescitelli, Miria Ferreira Criado, Crislyn D'Souza‐Schorey, Saumya Das, Amrita Datta Chaudhuri, Paola de Candia, Eliezer F De Santana, Olivier De Wever, Hernando A del Portillo, Tanguy Demaret, Sarah Deville, Andrew Devitt, Bert Dhondt, Dolores Di Vizio, Lothar C Dieterich, Vincenza Dolo, Ana Paula Dominguez Rubio, Massimo Dominici, Mauricio R Dourado, Tom AP Driedonks, Filipe V Duarte, Heather M Duncan, Ramon M Eichenberger, Karin Ekström, Samir EL Andaloussi, Celine Elie‐Caille, Uta Erdbrügger, Juan M Falcón‐Pérez, Farah Fatima, Jason E Fish, Miguel Flores‐Bellver, András Försönits, Annie Frelet‐Barrand, Fabia Fricke, Gregor Fuhrmann, Susanne Gabrielsson, Ana Gámez‐Valero, Chris Gardiner, Kathrin Gärtner, Raphael Gaudin, Yong Song Gho, Bernd Giebel, Caroline Gilbert, Mario Gimona, Ilaria Giusti, Deborah CI Goberdhan, André Görgens, Sharon M Gorski, David W Greening, Julia Christina Gross, Alice Gualerzi, Gopal N Gupta, Dakota Gustafson, Aase Handberg, Reka A Haraszti, Paul Harrison, Hargita Hegyesi, An Hendrix, Andrew F Hill, Fred H Hochberg, Karl F Hoffmann, Beth Holder, Harry Holthofer, Baharak Hosseinkhani, Guoku Hu, Yiyao Huang, Veronica Huber, Stuart Hunt, Ahmed Gamal‐Eldin Ibrahim, Tsuneya Ikezu, Jameel M Inal, Mustafa Isin, Alena Ivanova, Hannah K Jackson, Soren Jacobsen, Steven M Jay, Muthuvel Jayachandran, Guido Jenster, Lanzhou Jiang, Suzanne M Johnson, Jennifer C Jones, Ambrose Jong, Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman, Stephanie Jung, Raghu Kalluri, Shin‐ichi Kano, Sukhbir Kaur, Yumi Kawamura, Evan T Keller, Delaram Khamari, Elena Khomyakova, Anastasia Khvorova, Peter Kierulf, Kwang Pyo Kim, Thomas Kislinger, Mikael Klingeborn, David J Klinke, Miroslaw Kornek, Maja M Kosanović, Árpád Ferenc Kovács, Eva‐Maria Krämer‐Albers, Susanne Krasemann, Mirja Krause, Igor V Kurochkin, Gina D Kusuma, Sören Kuypers, Saara Laitinen, Scott M Langevin, Lucia R Languino, Joanne Lannigan, Cecilia Lässer, Louise C Laurent, Gregory Lavieu, Elisa Lázaro‐Ibáñez, Soazig Le Lay, Myung‐Shin Lee, Yi Xin Fiona Lee, Debora S Lemos, Metka Lenassi, Aleksandra Leszczynska, Isaac TS Li, Ke Liao, Sten F Libregts, Erzsebet Ligeti, Rebecca Lim, Sai Kiang Lim, Aija Linē, Karen Linnemannstöns, Alicia Llorente, Catherine A Lombard, Magdalena J Lorenowicz, Ákos M Lörincz, Jan Lötvall, Jason Lovett, Michelle C Lowry, Xavier Loyer, Quan Lu, Barbara Lukomska, Taral R Lunavat, Sybren LN Maas, Harmeet Malhi, Antonio Marcilla, Jacopo Mariani, Javier Mariscal, Elena S Martens‐Uzunova, Lorena Martin‐Jaular, M Carmen Martinez, Vilma Regina Martins, Mathilde Mathieu, Suresh Mathivanan, Marco Maugeri, Lynda K McGinnis, Mark J McVey, David G Meckes, Katie L Meehan, Inge Mertens, Valentina R Minciacchi, Andreas Möller, Malene Møller Jørgensen, Aizea Morales‐Kastresana, Jess Morhayim, François Mullier, Maurizio Muraca, Luca Musante, Veronika Mussack, Dillon C Muth, Kathryn H Myburgh, Tanbir Najrana, Muhammad Nawaz, Irina Nazarenko, Peter Nejsum, Christian Neri, Tommaso Neri, Rienk Nieuwland, Leonardo Nimrichter, John P Nolan, Esther NM Nolte‐'t Hoen, Nicole Noren Hooten, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Tina O'Grady, Ana O'Loghlen, Takahiro Ochiya, Martin Olivier, Alberto Ortiz, Luis A Ortiz, Xabier Osteikoetxea, Ole Østergaard, Matias Ostrowski, Jaesung Park, D. Michiel Pegtel, Hector Peinado, Francesca Perut, Michael W Pfaffl, Donald G Phinney, Bartijn CH Pieters, Ryan C Pink, David S Pisetsky, Elke Pogge von Strandmann, Iva Polakovicova, Ivan KH Poon, Bonita H Powell, Ilaria Prada, Lynn Pulliam, Peter Quesenberry, Annalisa Radeghieri, Robert L Raffai, Stefania Raimondo, Janusz Rak, Marcel I Ramirez, Graça Raposo, Morsi S Rayyan, Neta Regev‐Rudzki, Franz L Ricklefs, Paul D Robbins, David D Roberts, Silvia C Rodrigues, Eva Rohde, Sophie Rome, Kasper MA Rouschop, Aurelia Rughetti, Ashley E Russell, Paula Saá, Susmita Sahoo, Edison Salas‐Huenuleo, Catherine Sánchez, Julie A Saugstad, Meike J Saul, Raymond M Schiffelers, Raphael Schneider, Tine Hiorth Schøyen, Aaron Scott, Eriomina Shahaj, Shivani Sharma, Olga Shatnyeva, Faezeh Shekari, Ganesh Vilas Shelke, Ashok K Shetty, Kiyotaka Shiba, Pia R‐M Siljander, Andreia M Silva, Agata Skowronek, Orman L Snyder, Rodrigo Pedro Soares, Barbara W Sódar, Carolina Soekmadji, Javier Sotillo, Philip D Stahl, Willem Stoorvogel, Shannon L Stott, Erwin F Strasser, Simon Swift, Hidetoshi Tahara, Muneesh Tewari, Kate Timms, Swasti Tiwari, Rochelle Tixeira, Mercedes Tkach, Wei Seong Toh, Richard Tomasini, Ana Claudia Torrecilhas, Juan Pablo Tosar, Vasilis Toxavidis, Lorena Urbanelli, Pieter Vader, Bas WM van Balkom, Susanne G van der Grein, Jan Van Deun, Martijn JC van Herwijnen, Kendall Van Keuren‐Jensen, Guillaume van Niel, Martin E van Royen, Andre J van Wijnen, M Helena Vasconcelos, Ivan J Vechetti, Tiago D Veit, Laura J Vella, Émilie Velot, Frederik J Verweij, Beate Vestad, Jose L Viñas, Tamás Visnovitz, Krisztina V Vukman, Jessica Wahlgren, Dionysios C Watson, Marca HM Wauben, Alissa Weaver, Jason P Webber, Viktoria Weber, Ann M Wehman, Daniel J Weiss, Joshua A Welsh, Sebastian Wendt, Asa M Wheelock, Zoltán Wiener, Leonie Witte, Joy Wolfram, Angeliki Xagorari, Patricia Xander, Jing Xu, Xiaomei Yan, María Yáñez‐Mó, Hang Yin, Yuana Yuana, Valentina Zappulli, Jana Zarubova, Vytautas Žėkas, Jian‐ye Zhang, Zezhou Zhao, Lei Zheng, Alexander R Zheutlin, Antje M Zickler, Pascale Zimmermann, Angela M Zivkovic, Davide Zocco, Ewa K Zuba‐Surma
Institutions: Inserm, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Institut Curie, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Universitat de València, Universitat Politècnica de València, University of California, Davis, Laboratoire Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Université d'Angers, University Hospital Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Lille, Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée, La Trobe University, Mount Allison University, Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Université Bretagne Loire, Oniris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Cologne, University of Science and Culture, Royan Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, University of Malta, University of South Alabama, University of Technology Sydney, University of Rochester, National Institute of Chemistry, Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Azienda USL di Pescara, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, University of Brescia, University of Birmingham, University of Auckland, Jagiellonian University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies, École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques, Istituto di Biomedicina e di Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy, National Research Council, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Université de Nantes, Nantes Université, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Université de Bordeaux, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjects, Leiden University Medical Center, Medisch Centrum Haaglanden, Stichting Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Lund University, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Edinburgh, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Technical University of Munich, University of Turin, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Michigan, Oxford Brookes University, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Tsing Hua University, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cardiff University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Universidade do Porto, University of Oxford, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, University of Nottingham, University of Gothenburg, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Notre Dame, MultiMedica, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Universitat de Barcelona, UCLouvain, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Hasselt University, Aston University, Ghent University Hospital, ETH Zurich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Universidad de Buenos Aires, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Oulu, Utrecht University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Karolinska Institutet, University of Virginia Health System, Ikerbasque, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz, German Cancer Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, University College London, Helmholtz Munich, Institute for Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Université de Strasbourg, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Paracelsus Medical University, Simon Fraser University, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Loyola University Chicago, Loyola Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, University of California San Diego, Scintillon Institute, Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Imperial College London, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, University of Sheffield, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Boston University, University of Hertfordshire, Istanbul University, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Manchester, Cancer Research UK Manchester Centre, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, City Of Hope National Medical Center, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Tsukuba, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Michigan Medicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine named after Y.M. Lopukhin, Oslo University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Duke University, Duke Medical Center, West Virginia University, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhaus Koblenz, Bundeswehr, University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Sysmex (Japan), Monash University, Finnish Red Cross, University of Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, University of Virginia, AstraZeneca (Sweden), Eulji University, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore, Universidade Federal do Paraná, University of Ljubljana, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stellenbosch University, Trinity College Dublin, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Bergen, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, University of Milan, AC Camargo Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children, Florida State University, The University of Western Australia, University of Antwerp, Georg Speyer Haus, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Erasmus MC, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Padua, Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, University of Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Aarhus University, Sorbonne Université, Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement, University of Pisa, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, National Institute on Aging, University of Liège, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, University of Pittsburgh, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom), Statens Serum Institut, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Scripps Research Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Philipps University of Marburg, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, University of Palermo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Biologie cellulaire et Cancer, Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Minnesota, Laboratoire de recherche en cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition, Maastricht University, Sapienza University of Rome, American Red Cross, University of Chile, Clínica Las Condes, Oregon Health & Science University, Technische Universität Darmstadt, University of Bristol, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Olin E. Teague Veterans Medical Center, Texas A&M University, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, University of Helsinki, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Albel Salazar, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kansas State University, Fiocruz Minas, The University of Queensland, Washington University in St. Louis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hiroshima University, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Georgetown University, National University of Singapore, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, University of Perugia, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Centre for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, University of Kentucky, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, The University of Melbourne, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Physiopathologie, Université de Lorraine, University of Oslo, University Hospitals of Cleveland, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Vanderbilt University, Universität für Weiterbildung Krems, University of Würzburg, University of Vermont Medical Center, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Xiamen University, Shandong Agricultural University, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, University of Macau, Tsinghua University, Eindhoven University of Technology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Vilnius University, Guangzhou Medical University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, KU Leuven
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,410
Funders: Sidaction, Cancer Research UK, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, Helse Midt-Norge, Institut National Du Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Directorate for Engineering, Medical Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, National Institute on Aging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Awards: Unraveling the functional significance and the diagnostic and prognostic value of the different extracellular vesicle subtypes in tumor-immune system cross-talk., Elucidating the mechanisms and pathways of extracellular vesicle uptake and intercellular stress response., G1435997383, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and Genes in the Biology and Therapy of Gliomas, A generic Microfluidic Approach for Deciphering Nanoscale biovesiclES propertieS, G221526563, G2227547912, G2305452004, G2559099694, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ICAM-3 in the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic leukocytes, G332877743, Integrative systems approach to identify local oncogenic modulation of the IL12 axis, High-throughput palmitoyl-proteomics profiling of extracellular vesicles for identification of biomarkers for early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, Modulation of Host Cell Exosome Content and Function by EBV LMP1, Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immunomodulation in HIV Infection and Nicotine Abuse, G4190806336, Novel Approaches to Capture, Sorting, and Characterization of CNS-Origin Extracellular Vesicles, G4327773644, G471331628, Secreted RNA during CRC progression biogenesis function and clinical markers, G4862401573, G5117210127, Active Extracellular Vesicles - defining a novel, extracellular metabolic compartment and its role in the control of inflammation., Biologie des cellules dendritiques, Exosome-Filopodia Interactions, G5798019704, G6045836205, G6759105742, G683439542, Novel Molecular Therapies of Prostate Cancer, Circulating microRNAs as novel regulators of placental and fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes, DETERMINING THE ROLE FOR EXOSOMES DURING CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND AGEING, G7240651115, Impact of immune cell-derived exosomes and miRNAs on brain function and behavior, G7640139206, G782245399, Discovering novel players in mechanisms of extracellular vesicle release, cargo loading, and early pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's Disease, Defining the molecular structure-function relationships of extracellular vesicles from dying cells., A Novel Intervention Strategy for Stroke with RTL Therapy, Liquid Biopsy for treatment stratification of IDH1.R132H and EGFRvIII mutant gliomas, Regulation of exosome heterogeneity and function, G8438493347, Integrin-mediated mechanisms of prostate cancer progression, G8604623380, G8697348301, Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials, Reference Profiles of ExRNA in Biofluids from Well-Defined Human Cohorts, Extracellular Vesicle and Extracellular RNA Biomarkers of HIV-1 Central Nervous System Pathogenesis and Cigarette Use, Cancer Center Support Grant, UC Davis Clinical and Translational Science Center, Training Program in Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Science, Molecular and Cellular Basis for Digestive Diseases, Pathobiology of Liver Injury, Institutional Career Development Core (KL2), Stroke and Alzheimers Disease Related Dementias, Training Veterinarians for Careers in Biomedical Research, Novel Approaches to Capture, Sorting, and Characterization of CNS-Origin Extracellular Vesicles, G937427620
OpenAlex ID: W2900756811