Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: The Euclid ERO showcase Euclid's capabilities in advance of its main mission, targeting 17 astronomical objects, from galaxy clusters, nearby galaxies, globular clusters, to star-forming regions. A total of 24 hours observing time was allocated in the early months of operation, engaging the scientific community through an early public data release. We describe the development of the ERO pipeline to create visually compelling images while simultaneously meeting the scientific demands within months of launch, leveraging a pragmatic, data-driven development strategy. The pipeline's key requirements are to preserve the image quality and to provide flux calibration and photometry for compact and extended sources. The pipeline's five pillars are: removal of instrumental signatures; astrometric calibration; photometric calibration; image stacking; and the production of science-ready catalogues for both the VIS and NISP instruments. We report a PSF with a full width at half maximum of 0.16" in the optical and 0.49" in the three NIR bands. Our VIS mean absolute flux calibration is accurate to about 1%, and 10% for NISP due to a limited calibration set; both instruments have considerable colour terms. The median depth is 25.3 and 23.2 AB mag with a SNR of 10 for galaxies, and 27.1 and 24.5 AB mag at an SNR of 5 for point sources for VIS and NISP, respectively. Euclid's ability to observe diffuse emission is exceptional due to its extended PSF nearly matching a pure diffraction halo, the best ever achieved by a wide-field, high-resolution imaging telescope. Euclid offers unparalleled capabilities for exploring the LSB Universe across all scales, also opening a new observational window in the NIR. Median surface-brightness levels of 29.9 and 28.3 AB mag per square arcsec are achieved for VIS and NISP, respectively, for detecting a 10 arcsec x 10 arcsec extended feature at the 1 sigma level.
Authors: Cuillandre, J. -C., Bertin, E., Bolzonella, M., Bouy, H., Gwyn, S., Isani, S., Kluge, M., Lai, O., Lançon, A., Lang, D. A., Laureijs, R., Saifollahi, T., Schirmer, M., Stone, C., Abdurro'uf, Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Annibali, F., Atek, H., Awad, P., Baes, M., Bañados, E., Barrado, D., Belladitta, S., Belokurov, V., Boselli, A., Bournaud, F., Bovy, J., Bowler, R. A. A., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Cantiello, M., Carollo, D., Codis, S., Collins, M. L. M., Congedo, G., Dalessandro, E., de Lapparent, V., De Paolis, F., Diego, J. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dole, H., Duc, P. -A., Erkal, D., Ezziati, M., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferré-Mateu, A., Franco, A., Gavazzi, R., George, K., Gillard, W., Golden-Marx, J. B., Goldman, B., Gonzalez, A. H., Habas, R., Hartley, W. G., Hatch, N. A., Kohley, R., Hoar, J., Howell, J. M., Hunt, L. K., Jablonka, P., Jauzac, M., Kang, Y., Knapen, J. H., Kneib, J. -P., Kohley, R., Kuzma, P. B., Larsen, S. S., Marchal, O., Martín-Fleitas, J., Marcos-Arenal, P., Marleau, F. R., Martín, E. L., Massari, D., McConnachie, A. W., Meneghetti, M., Miluzio, M., Carretero, J. Miro, Miyatake, H., Mondelin, M., Montes, M., Mora, A., Müller, O., Nally, C., Noeske, K., Nucita, A. A., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Peletier, R. F., Poulain, M., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Rejkuba, M., Rhodes, J., Rocci, P. -F., Román, J., Sacquegna, S., Saremi, E., Scaramella, R., Schinnerer, E., Serjeant, S., Sola, E., Sorce, J. G., Tarsitano, F., Tereno, I., Toft, S., Tortora, C., Urbano, M., Venhola, A., Voggel, K., Weaver, J. R., Xu, X., Žerjal, M., Zöller, R., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tsyganov, A., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Williams, O. R., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Burigana, C., Casenove, P., Liebing, P., Scottez, V., Simon, P., Scott, D.
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Cité, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, National Institute for Astrophysics, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Universitaire de France, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Université Côte d'Azur, Lagrange Laboratory, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, Perimeter Institute, European Space Agency, European Space Research and Technology Centre, University of Groningen, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Université de Montréal, Johns Hopkins University, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, European Space Astronomy Centre, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Ghent University, Centro de Astrobiología, University of Cambridge, Aix-Marseille Université, Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, University of Toronto, University of Manchester, Universidad de Valladolid, University of Lisbon, Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Collurania Teramo Observatory, Trieste Astronomical Observatory, University of Surrey, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, University of Salento, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, National Observatory, Université de Strasbourg, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre de physique des particules de Marseille, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, University of Nottingham, International Space University, University of Florida, University of Geneva, Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Durham University, University of KwaZulu-Natal, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Radboud University Nijmegen, Universität Innsbruck, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Leiden University, Leiden Observatory, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Nagoya University, University of Copenhagen, Chiba University, University of Oulu, Lyon 1 Université, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, European Southern Observatory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Southampton, The Open University, Université de Lille, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille, Centrale Lille Institut, Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Brera Astronomical Observatory, University of Bologna, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Centre National d'Études Spatiales, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, University of Genoa, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, University of Naples Federico II, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, University of Turin, Port d'Informació Científica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, European Space Research Institute, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, University College London, Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, University of Bristol, University of Milan, University of Oslo, Lancaster University, Technical University of Denmark, Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, University of Bonn, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Institute for High Energy Physics, Aarhus University, University of Waterloo, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary, ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, University of Padua, University of Chile, California Institute of Technology, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna, JUNIA, University of British Columbia
Language: English
Subfield: Instrumentation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7047032121