Faramea humicapiens Delprete & J. G. Jardim 2025, sp. nov.
Year: 2025
Type: other
Abstract: 2.Faramea humicapiensDelprete & J. G. Jardim sp. nov. Figs 3, 4, 5 Type FRENCH GUIANA • Maroni River Basin, Gobaya Soula, rive droite, layon vers les Monts Atachi-Bacca, entre 0–1.5 km de l’Itany [River], camp 1; 3°37’N, 53°58’W; 100 m; 6 Jan. 1989; fl.; Granville et al. 10434; holotype: CAY [Sheet 1 of 2, CAY 074825, Sheet 2 of 2, CAY 074826]. Diagnosis Faramea humicapiens is similar to F. tinguana in being erect, monocaulous, woody plants up to 1 m tall, with large, sessile or subsessile leaves in apical rosettes, gathering leaf litter at their bases, and short, axillary, 1–3 - flowered inflorescences. The former differs from the latter in having sessile or subsessile inflorescences with 1, 2, or 3 flowers (vs pedunculate, with peduncles 6–8 mm long, cymose, commonly 3 - flowered in F. tinguana), bracteoles subtending the hypanthia lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 6–12 × 0.7–3 mm, with entire margin, acute to acuminate at apex (vs subtending the pedicels, narrowly ovate to oblong, 2.5–3.5 × 0.7–1.5 mm, with fringed margins, often with 2–3 apical lobes 0.3–0.5 mm long), flowers sessile to subsessile, with pedicels (when present) to 1.5 mm long (vs with pedicels 2–4.5 mm long), calyces 1.3–1.5 mm long (vs 2.8–3 mm long), corollas 17–20.5 mm long, with tubes 12.5–14 mm long and lobes 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm (vs 27–29.5 mm long, with tubes 16–17 mm long and lobes 11–12.5 × 3.5–4 mm), and anthers 2.5 mm long (vs 4.5 mm long). Description Single-stemmed plant, 20–80 cm tall, erect; rarely the basal portion of the stem leaning on the ground, with a few adventitious roots; stem woody, terete or laterally compressed, sometimes with a central longitudinal groove, glabrous. Stipules free or shallowly connate at base, persistent, long-aristate, 12–25 mm long, glabrous, base deltoid to narrowly triangular, 4–9 × 4–6 mm, margins thickened-cartilaginous, arista 8–17 mm long. Leaves subsessile to short-petiolate; petioles 2–5 mm long, basally thickened, glabrous; blades narrowly long-obovate, oblong-obovate to narrowly spatulate, often narrow-oblong at basal portion, (8 –) 16–42 × (3.5 –) 5–17 cm, cordate at base, acuminate at apex, acumen 1–1.5 cm long, dark green above, pale green below, drying olive-green, subcoriaceous, glabrous throughout; secondary veins 12–22 on each side; domatia absent. Inflorescences axillary, sessile to subsessile, 1–3 - flowered. Bracts subtending flowers lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 6–12 × 0.7–3 mm, membranaceous, margin entire, acute to acuminate at apex. Flowers 4 - merous, sessile or subsessile, pedicels (when present) up to 1.5 mm long. Hypanthium obovoid, 1–1.1 × 0.8 mm, glabrous. Calyx cupular, 1.3–1.5 mm long, truncate, glabrous. Corollas hypocrateriform, 17–20.5 mm long, glabrous throughout, white or pale purplish-white during and after anthesis; tube 12.5–14 mm long, cylindrical, 1–1.5 mm wide throughout; lobes lanceolate, 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, acute at apex. Long-styled flowers stamens included, subsessile, inserted 8.5 mm below corolla mouth; anthers narrowly oblong, 2.5 × 0.3 mm, round at both ends; style included, as long as corolla tube (lobe at corolla mouth), bilobed, lobes narrowly lanceolate, 1 mm long, acute at apex. Short-styled flowers stamens partially exserted, subsessile, inserted near the corolla mouth; anthers oblong, 2.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apiculate at both ends; style included, much shorter than corolla tube, 5–6 mm long, bilobed, lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm long, apiculate. Fruits sessile or subsessile, or with pedicel (when present) up to 1.5 mm long, globose to subglobose, 10–15 mm in diam., purple, bluish-violet or dark blue at maturity when fresh; 9.5–12 mm diam., dark brown when dry. Distribution Endemic to French Guiana (Fig. 3). Ecology Growing in undercanopy of tall dense ombrophilous forests, in soil rich in organic material and significant accumulation of leaf litter, at 5–400 m altitude. Phenology Specimens with flowers were collected in October, December, January, and February, with immature fruits in April and May, and with mature fruits in February, April, August, September, October, and November. Vernacular name French Guiana: Uwakaya (Wayapi, Grenand 824 A). Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the Latin words “ humus- ” (“ ground ”) and “ - capiens ”. In this sense, “ capiens ” is the present participle of the transitive verb “ capere ” (capio, capis, cepi, captum), which means “ to hold ”. Hence, the specific epithet means “ holding humus ”, referring to the ability of this plant to accumulate organic material at the leaf bases. Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment Vulnerable: VU B 1 ab (i, ii, iii, iv). This species is most likely endemic to French Guiana. It has an AOO of 28 km 2 and an EOO of 16,536 km 2, indicating that it could be classified as EN and VU, respectively. However, according to the following considerations, we suggest to treat it as vulnerable. The vast majority of the collections are from three main regions, along the coast, from the Oyapock River Basin, and from the interior of the country, corresponding with 10 locations. The region along the coast is suffering from considerable human pressure due to selective logging and agricultural activities. The Oyapock River Basin is subject to important human pressure, due to increasing local populations. Most collections were made in the Saül area, a region of free adhesion of the French Guiana Amazonian Park, and with significant human pressure due to growing human population, increasing agricultural pressure, frequent tourist visitation, and nearby gold mining exploitation. In total, we studied 28 gatherings present in CAY, MO, NY, P, and US. Most of them are only represented by unicate specimens, and only four of them by two duplicates. This fact is here interpreted as the evidence of a species present in eleven main localities, but locally extremely rare. Exhaustive searches were undertaken in three localities (Mt. de Kaw, 4°31’N, 52°12’W; Oyapock River basin, Crique Gabaret, 3°55’N, 51°55’W; Crique Probert, 3°52’N, 51°48’W), in January 2024, during the flowering season of the species, but it was not found. All the above information is leading us to conclude that, although it is reported from several localities, this species is locally very rare, hence prone to be locally obliterated by human activities. Therefore, we classify this species as Vulnerable (VU) under IUCN criteria B 1 b (IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019), because it is interpreted as occurring in several small subpopulations (or a sole individual) and under considerable human pressure. Additional specimens examined (paratypes) FRENCH GUIANA • Saül, Monts La Fumée; 3°37’N, 53°12’W; 200–400 m; 24 Aug. 1982; fr.; Boom & Mori 1565; NY • Commune de Régina, Bassin de l’Approuague; 75 m; 5 Dec. 1994; fl.; Bordenave 1291; CAY • Camp Caïman, Asarco, Mt. de Kaw; 4°31’N, 52°12’W; 10 m; 24 Jan. 2000; fl.; Bordenave & Raes 5140; CAY, U • Région de Saül, Savane-Roche [Inselberg] Dachine; 3°28’N, 53°13’W; 150 m; 5 Apr. 1997; imm. fr.; Cremers & Crozier 14730; CAY • Nouragues, chablis au [parcelle] OX; [ca 4°4’N, 52°43’W]; 20 Oct. 1995; fr.; Eockle 119; CAY • Saül, forêt primaire; [3°37’N, 53°13’W]; 17 Oct. 1984; fr.; de Foresta 660; CAY • Saül, Circuit Plateau La Douane; [3°35’N, 53°12’W]; 30 Sep. 1974; fr.; Granville B- 5177; CAY • Saül, tracé ORSTOM de la Crique Limonade à ca 2 km du village; [3°34’N, 53°13’W]; 3 Nov. 197; fr.; Granville 2274; CAY • Saül, Roche Bateau, sur la Crique Nouvelle France, ca 6 km E du village; [3°35’N, 53°10’W]; 6 Nov. 1974; fr.; Granville 2292; CAY • Nord du Massif des Emerillons, colline entre la Haute Approuague et la Crique des Emerillons; [3°15’N, 53°5’W]; 20 Sep. 1980; fr.; Granville 3941; CAY, P • Saül, sommet des Monts La Fumée; 410 m; 12 Oct. 1982; fr.; Granville 5131; CAY [2 sheets] • Région de Saül, colline à ca 18 km au S de Saül; 4 Apr. 1983; imm. fr.; Granville 5549; CAY • Mont Galbao, entre Crique Mana et le sommet; 3°36’N, 53°17’W; 350 m; 12 Jan. 1986; fl.; Granville et al. 8647; CAY, US • Oyapock River basin, Crique Gabaret, Saut Plat; 3°55’N, 51°55’W; 5 m; 14 Apr. 1988; fr.; Granville 10293; CAY • Camopi River Basin, Saut Petit Continent; 2°54’N, 52°51’W; 90 m; 13 May 1992; st.; Granville 11670; CAY • Oyapock River Basin, Roche Touatou; 2°57’N, 52°32’W; 140 m; 22 May 1995; imm. fr.; Granville & Cremers 13035; CAY • Région de Saül, 3 km E de Saint-Eloi, sur le layon vers Pic Matécho; 3°44’N, 53°14’W; 200 m; 21 Sep. 2000; fr.; Granville & Crozier 14339; CAY • Projet Routier entre Saint-Georges et le pont transfrontalier sur l’Oyapock, zone Crique Probert; 3°52’50”N, 51°48’46”W; 6 m; 20 Dec. 2005; fl.; Granville & Crozier 17220; CAY, MO • Mont Galbao, entre Crique Mana et le sommet; 3°36’N, 53°17’W; 350 m; 13 Jan. 1986; fl.; Granville et al. 8647; CAY • Région de Saül, 3 km E de Saint-Eloi, sur le layon vers le Pic Matecho; 3°44’N, 53°14’W; 200 m; 21 Sep. 2000; fr.; Granville et al. 14339; CAY • Trois Sauts; [2°14’N, 52°52’W]; 14 Mar. 1975; st.; Grenand 824 B; CAY • Saül, parcelle Belvédère; 9 Feb. 1974; fr.; Jacquemin 1445; CAY • Saül, Les Eaux Claires, ca 300 m N from Les Eaux Claires to Belizon, ca 50 m on the right side from the bridge; 3°40’N, 53°13’W; 200–400 m; 4 Sep. 2000; fr.; Junikka & Orava 3014; CAY • Saül, trail from large fig to Creek Limonade; 3°37’N, 53°12’W; 250–300 m; 18 Aug. 1988; fr.; Mori et al. 19043; NY • Saül, vicinity of Eaux Claires, Sentier Botanique, from 450 to 1060 m (just past Creek Tortue) beyond entrance; 3°37’N, 53°12’W; 250–350 m; 11 Feb. 1993; fr.; Mori et al. 22914; NY • Yaroupi River, rive droite, Saut Tainoua; [2°37’N, 52°42’W]; 17 Apr. 1970; imm. fr.; Oldeman B- 2998; CAY • Yaroupi River, rive gauche, Saut des Polissoirs; [2°36’N, 52°42’W]; 23 Apr. 1970; fr.; Oldeman B- 3063; CAY • Inini River Basin, Znieff Atachi-Bakka; 3°39’35”N, 53°52’06”W; 90 m; 7 Oct. 2011; fl.; Silland 105; CAY. Notes on Neotropical
Authors: Delprete, Piero G., Jardim, Jomar G.
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, UMR Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des végétations, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7077528626
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