A4DAction-BasedDerivationoftheEinstein–MaxwellEquations Coupling,Symmetries,andLimit
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Wepresentaprecisionextensionofthecoupledfour-dimensionalEinstein–Maxwell frameworkthat consistentlyincorporatesaboundaryaction,mixed(Robin)electromagneticboundaryconditions,anda topologicalθ-term[3].Withinthiscovariantvariationalsetupwederiveaclosed-formmodifiedfirst law fordyonicReissner–Nordström,δM= κ, 8πG δAH+ΦeδQphys, e +ΦmδQm+Wλ,whereQphys, e =Qe+θ, 2π Qm (Wittenshift)andWλ=λH √σAaδAaencodestheboundaryworkunderRobindata[2].Thestatement isobtainedusingtheIyer–Waldcovariantphase-spaceformalismandisconsistentwiththestandard first lawintheDirichlet limit (Wλ=0)andwithθ=0 [1]. Wealsoclarifyconventions, horizon potentials, ensemble interpretations, andSmarrscaling, andprovideappendicesonintegrabilityand duality.Ourresultssharpenthelow-energythermodynamicsofgravity–electromagnetismasaboundaryandtopology-refinedcoupledtheory.
Authors: yun, younghwan, jang, kiho
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7081566468
FWCI:
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: