Expanse Tension Theory (ETT): Addressing the Hubble Tension anomaly across all measurement probes
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This paper presents the resolution of the Hubble Tension, one of the most persistent and debated crises in modern cosmology. For more than a decade, early-time probes such as the Planck CMB (H0≈67.4H_0 \approx 67.4H0≈67.4) and late-time probes such as SH0ES (H0≈73.0H_0 \approx 73.0H0≈73.0) have remained in stark disagreement, a discrepancy exceeding 8%. Here, the new framework of Expanse Tension Theory (ETT), extended by Expanse Tension Ripples (ETRs), compresses nine independent probes of the Hubble constant into a narrow corridor of 70.3–70.6 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹, centred on a mean of 70.49 km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹, with residual dispersion below 0.5%. This represents a nineteen-fold reduction of the original tension. The analysis is carried out in two disciplined steps. First, the Holland–Higgs Coupling (mass–expansion coupling in the Φ field) is applied consistently to all probes, shifting early-time measures upward (due to extra expansion in voids) and late-time measures downward (due to suppressed expansion in dense regions). Second, a global overlay of ETR energy is applied, representing stored expansion energy in voids that adds late-time stretching along light paths. Both mechanisms are applied with frozen-core parameters, globally fixed factors, and no per-probe tuning, ensuring objectivity and robustness. All nine Hubble probes are addressed systematically: Planck (CMB), DESI BAO+BBN, SH0ES, TRGB, SBF, Megamasers, Strong-lens time delays, Cosmic Chronometers, and Standard Sirens. Each shows small but consistent corrections under ETT+ETR, converging to the final mean. The framework preserves high-density physics, introduces no dark energy or dark matter fields, and remains firmly grounded in quantum field theory, where the Φ field is a real, mechanical agent capable of storing energy. The outcome is historically significant: the Hubble Tension, long thought intractable, is reduced to below 0.5%, yielding a coherent true value of the Hubble constant. This work demonstrates the power of ETT and ETRs to unify observational cosmology, challenge ΛCDM, and provide testable predictions for future data (DESI, JWST, LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA). Keywords: Hubble Tension, Hubble constant, Expanse Tension Theory, Expanse Tension Ripples, ETT, ETR, Holland–Higgs Coupling, Φ field, quantum field theory, cosmology, Planck CMB, SH0ES, TRGB, SBF, Megamasers, strong-lens time delays, cosmic chronometers, standard sirens, BAO, DESI, ΛCDM, dark energy, dark matter, gravity, inertia, expansion.
Author: Holland, John
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7082371201
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