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The impacts of physical activity levels on the deposition and transportation of air pollutants of different sources in the human lungs

Year: 2025

Type: article

Abstract: The effects of air pollutants on the human lungs' health are significant and are becoming increasingly alarming in megacities. The most common pollutants are dust, traffic emissions, and smoke. In this paper, the deposition and transportation of these pollutants of sizes ranging from 2 μm to 10 μm under various physical activity levels in a realistic human lung model are investigated numerically. Three realistic breathing profiles representing three physical activity levels, Eupnea (rest), Walking, and Hyperpnea (exercise), are investigated. It is revealed that, in addition to the pollutant size and type, the physical activity level is vital in determining the deposition rate and location of the pollutants in the upper respiratory tract (URT). For instance, the deposition rate of 7 μm dust is 70 % under the Hyperpnea condition; however, this value is 23 % under the Eupnea condition. This study presents a clear picture of how and to what extent the physical activity levels can affect the damage from the pollutants of different sizes and types to the human lungs. The outcomes of the presented research can benefit the preventive actions in reducing the damage to individuals' lungs and the prognosis of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). • There are specific sections of the mouth-throat to generation G6 under the exposure of the pollutants which are changing from the inhalation phase to the exhalation • The damage to the individuals' human lungs who are inhaling the dust is more severe for the Hyperpnea physical activity level • The damage to the larynx to the generation G6 due to the inspiration of the dust is the highest for the Walking physical activity level • The damage to the mouth-throat region is the highest for the Hyperpnea physical activity level

Source: Powder Technology

DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121679

Authors: Arman Mirzaaghaian, Ming Zhao, Kejun Dong

Institution: Western Sydney University

Language: English

Topic: Air Quality and Health Impacts

Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,610