Enhancing Automotive Radiator Performance Using Nanofluids: A Comprehensive Review
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The demand for compact and efficient automotive thermal systems has accelerated interest in nanofluids—suspensions of nanoparticles such as Al₂O₃, CuO, TiO₂, and ZrO₂ in base fluids—as alternatives to conventional coolants. Nanofluids demonstrate superior thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer, and energy efficiency, with CuO and ZrO₂ nanofluids showing the most promising results. Reported improvements include up to 94% enhancement in convective heat transfer and reduced radiator size and pumping power. Despite these advances, challenges such as nanoparticle stability, long-term compatibility with radiator materials, and cost barriers remain. Addressing these gaps through real-world testing, hybrid nanofluids, and lifecycle assessment is crucial for future deployment in commercial automotive systems.
Authors: Ridham Patel, Dhiraj Patel, Atul Patel, Hiren Rathod
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7083315437
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