Understanding Sarcopenia: the Need for Age-wise and Disease-specific Diagnostic Criteria and Comparison of Existing Diagnostic Tools
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Sarcopenia is characterised by a loss in muscle mass associated with ageing. This is a progressive process predominantly occurring in older age, although it may accelerate and manifest earlier due to chronic diseases, lifestyle issues, and malnutrition. After age 50, the amount of muscle mass drops by 1–2% each year. From age 50 to 60, muscle strength drops by 1.5%, and then it drops by another 3% after that. Consequently, the incidence of sarcopenia is anticipated to increase with advancing age. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies with decade. The extensive variation may be attributed to the prevalence being determined using a singular cut-off proposed for individuals aged 65 and older. It may also be attributed to the presence of comorbidities in older individuals, which is not considered in the current definitions for sarcopenia. Despite the possible significant differences in physical activity levels, dietary habits, comorbidities, and age-related biological ageing, this does not differentiate between the muscle properties of an individual who is 60 years of age from the one who is 80 years of age. It is essential to recognise and diagnose sarcopenia or potential sarcopenia in younger persons to prevent underdiagnosis and facilitate the prevention of the full-blown condition. This is especially true in the current era where there is widespread use of highly effective anti-obesity medications. We suggest that cut-off criteria for the younger population be established based on existing risk factors like chronic comorbidities, whereas for older persons, decade-specific cut-offs should be recommended instead of a generalised threshold for all those over 65 years. More longitudinal studies need to be encouraged in this regard.
Source: Anti-Aging Eastern Europe
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7083690476