Electromagnetism as a Derivative of Temporal Interference
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Historical Context The unification of fundamental interactions—gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong—remains a central challenge in modern theoretical physics. From the early ideas of Maxwell and Kaluza to quantum gravity and string theory, researchers have sought a universal geometric or dynamical principle underlying all interactions. Temporal Theory as a Geometric Foundation The Temporal Theory of Gravity (TTG), and in its more fundamental version—the Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTE)—proposes an alternative ontology: all interactions are manifestations of the gradient of temporal pressure, arising from the structure of the scalar time field T(x). This field is characterized by local temporal density ρₜ(x) and temporal velocity vₜ(x), with pressure defined as: (1) Pₜ(x) = κ · ρₜ(x) · vₜ²(x) where κ is a scaling constant linking the temporal structure to observable forces. The universal expression for interaction within TTG/TTE takes the form: (2) F(x) = −∇Pₜ(x) Thus, force is not the action of an external field, but a derivative of the geometry of time. TTG/TTE eliminates singularities, reproduces classical laws, and offers regular expressions across all scales. Research Objective The aim of this work is not merely to demonstrate formal correspondence between TTG and Coulomb’s law, but to show that electromagnetism emerges as an intrinsic consequence of the structure of the time field T(x). We introduce physically grounded forms for ρₜ(r) and vₜ(r), calibrate the constant κ at the scale of the hydrogen atom, and demonstrate that TTG/TTE can naturally incorporate electromagnetic interaction while preserving predictive power and agreement with observed data. Moreover, the theory predicts deviations from the classical law at short distances, making it testable in scattering experiments and opening a path toward applications in multi-body chemistry. Ultimately, this work aims to lay the foundation for an ontological reconstruction of electromagnetism as a derivative of temporal geometry—without postulates of charge or field, within the unified structure of T(x). Keywords Temporal Theory of Gravity (TTG), Temporal Theory of the Universe (TTE), temporal pressure, scalar time field T(x), temporal density ρₜ(x), temporal velocity vₜ(x), pressure gradient ∇Pₜ(x), vortex component ∇×vₜ(x), electromagnetism, gravity, nuclear interactions, fundamental forces, ontological reconstruction, interaction unification, singularity, regularity, hydrogen atom, Bohr radius r_B, TTG constant κ, κ calibration, quantum deviations, spin-temporal effects, multi-body systems, entropic gradient, temporal temperature, relativistic correction, time turbulence, charge as a derivative of temporal density, superposition of temporal densities, time interference, interaction ontology. Table of Contents · Abstract 1. Historical Context 2. Temporal Theory as a Geometric Foundation 3. Research Objective · Keywords 1. Introduction 1.1. Attempts at Unification: From GR to the Standard Model 1.2. TTG as Time Geometry with Pressure 1.3. Completed Stages: Gravity and Nuclear Forces 1.4. Purpose of the Article 2. Theoretical Foundation 2.1. Temporal Density and Velocity 2.2. Force Mechanism: Gradient of Temporal Pressure 2.3. Commentary 3. Application of TTG to the Hydrogen Atom 3.1. Model of Temporal Pressure 3.2. Force Calculation 3.3. Calibration of the Coefficient κ 3.4. Comparative Analysis: TTG vs Classical Model 3.5. Graphical Validation 3.6. Physical Interpretation of the Region r < r_B 3.7. Conclusions 3.8. Recommendations for Further Analysis 3.9. Prediction: Correction to Coulomb’s Law at r < 0.1 r_B 3.10. TTG Forecast for H₂⁺: Interference of Temporal Pressure 4. Discussion and Conclusions 4.1. TTG as an Alternative to Field Theory 4.2. Applicability and Prospects 4.3. Philosophical Dimension 4.4. Conclusion 5. Discussion, Limitations, and Prospects 5.1. TTG as a Theory Absorbing the Standard Model 5.2. Ontological Reconstruction of Electromagnetism 5.3. Limitations of the Current Model 5.4. Generalization Potential 5.5. Next Steps: From Concept to Verification 5.6. Final Remarks 5.7. Outlook: From Atom to Molecule 6. Analysis: What Has Been Addressed and What Requires Deepening 6.1. Achievements and Enhancements 6.2. Ontological Questions and the Status of TTG · References
Author: Lemeshko, Andriy
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7083692368
FWCI:
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: