A Different Perspective on Quantum Particles and Fundamental Forces
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: In this paper, a discrete network framework based on ν−ν̄ members is proposed to investigate the fundamental structure of the vacuum network and the emergent properties of particles. Within this framework, ν−ν̄ entities are treated as fundamental structural units, and the observed properties of particles are examined as consequences of geometric arrangement, collective interactions, and stored structural energy. In this model, particle mass is not regarded as an independent fundamental property, but rather as an emergent quantity arising from stable geometric configurations and stored network energy. Specifically, for the electron structure, geometric counting of network members yields the structural relation: m_e c² = 2(35a) = 70a where a is an input calibration energy scale introduced within the model framework, with its numerical value related to the electromagnetic coupling parameter α (α ≈ 7.2973525643 × 10⁻³, based on CODATA recommended values). Furthermore, the extension of this geometric counting pattern to composite hadronic scales is investigated via the hierarchical chain: 35a → 35²a → 35³a The framework also provides conceptual mechanisms for interpreting energy propagation, effective force interactions, and inertia as emergent manifestations of collective network dynamics. While the current version formulates the structural and geometric relations, the full microscopic Hamiltonian and independent derivation of scaling parameters define the scope for future dynamic developments.
Author: adinehvand, abbas
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7084886713
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