Total Energy Expression and Chemical Bonding in Hydrogen from The Prince Equation
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: We derive the total energy expression for hydrogen by properly maintaining the asymmetric scalar-vector nature of The Prince Equation. The requirement to treat radial (scalar from dot product) and tangential (vector from cross product) components differently leads to a total energy expression δE(T) = −hv(r) cosθ/[r(1 - sin θ)] with θ = n/(2π). This expression naturally creates confinement at n(max) = 8, explains hydrogen’s chemical reactivity through the n = 8 to 9 transition zone, and unifies covalent, ionic, and van der Waals bonding as different manifestations of the geometric transition from bound to free states.
Author: Khan, Mustafa
Language: English
Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7086735865
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