Brachycephalus nanicus Nunes, Lyra, Machado, Carrasco-Medina, Andrade, Haga, Botelho, Pedrozo, Velasco, Jacinavicius, Gray, Blackburn, Kohlsdorf, Muscat & Toledo, 2025, sp. nov.
Year: 2025
Type: other
Abstract: Brachycephalus nanicus sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/ B7A9AA10-0F6A-41FE-AFE3-AAF78FB87B4D Figure 2 Chresonymy Brachycephalus sp. Toledo et al. 2024 Holotype. Adult male (ZUEC-AMP 25581; field number LaHNAB 251) collected in Trilha do Ouro, Estação Ecológica de Bananal (22S 48’ 14”, 44W 22’ 17”, ~ 1.220m a.s.l.; WGS84 Datum; Figure 3), municipality of Bananal, state of São Paulo, Brazil by L.M. Botelho, L.A.O.S. Ferreira, E. Muscat, M. Moroti, T.M. Machado, and J.P. Bovolon on 28 March 2022. Paratopotypes. ZUEC-AMP 25577–25579, 25610 and 25617 (Figure 4) adult males, and 25580 indetermined sex, all of them collected with the holotype by the same collectors; and ZUEC-AMP 25259, an adult female, also collected in the type-locality by J. Prado on 10 December 2021. Etymology. The specific epithet nanicus an adjective in Latin (meaning those with reduced size) in allusion to the extremely small body size of the adult individuals of this Brachycephalus species (less than 1 cm). Diagnosis. Brachycephalus nanicus can be assigned to the genus Brachycephalus by observed phalangeal reduction, and phylogenetic affinities. Member of the Brachycephalus puri species group (new group proposal), with the content of B. puri, B. nanicus and Brachycephalus sp. 8 (sensu Condez et al. 2020). The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the following combination of characters: leptodactyliform body; adult SVL 6.9–9.0 mm for males and 9.2–9.6 mm for females; smooth skin lacking hyperossification; snout rounded in dorsal view; finger II with pointed tips (arrow-shaped); toe I externally absent (lacking phalanges), and toes II, III, IV and V distinct; toe II with rounded tips; brown background with few golden spots scattered aleatory in the general coloration of dorsal surfaces and cloacal region; presence of a dark brown stripe along the flanks and the thigh; yellow blotches on the ventral surfaces; presence of dark brown strips on the legs. The new species is also genetic distinct. Holotype description. Body slender and leptodactyliform (Figure 2); head as wide as long (HL/HW = 1.02%), narrower than the body; head length approximately 34% of SVL; snout shorter than the eye diameter, rounded in dorsal and lateral views; nostrils oval and protuberant, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region slightly concave; mouth nearly sigmoid; eye slightly protruding in dorsal and lateral views, 38.5% (ED/HW) and 37.5% (ED/HL); tympanum indistinct; vocal sac not externally expanded; vocal slights present; tongue longer than wide, posterior half not adherent to the floor of mouth; choanae relatively small and round; vomerine teeth absent. Arm and forearm slender; arm slightly shorter than forearm (UAL 15.4% and FAL 30.5% of SVL); hands shorter than the forearm and longer than the upper arm; externally, finger I and IV small, vestigial; fingers II and III robust and distinct; relative lengths of fingers I ≤ IV <II <III; inner and outer metacarpal tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles undefined in hand (Figure 2C). Leg relatively long, total leg length 81% of SVL; shank slightly shorter than thigh (SHL/SVL = 35% and THL/SVL = 45.8%); foot longer than tarsus and the shank; toe I externally not visible; toes II, III, IV and V distinct; relative toe length V <II <III
Authors: Nunes, Ivan, Lyra, Mariana L., Machado, Thaynara M., Carrasco-Medina, Andres Santiago, Andrade, Felipe Silva De, Haga, Isabelle Aquemi, Botelho, Lucas M., Pedrozo, Mariana, Velasco, Isabel G., Jacinavicius, Fernando De Castro, Gray, Jaimi A., Blackburn, David C., Kohlsdorf, Tiana, Muscat, Edélcio, Toledo, L. Felipe
Language: English
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7088445925
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