Determination of the Proton Radius from Closed Surface Conditions
Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: This paper derives the proton’s geometric radius directly from three universal relations in Closed Surface Theory:(1) moment constancy mr=const,(2) energy–frequency equivalence mC²=hν, and(3) tangential velocity condition rω=C.Solving these simultaneously yields a unique radius r=ℏ/(mC), equivalent to the reduced Compton wavelength (~2×10⁻¹⁶ m).The result shows that the proton’s scale is not empirical but a geometric inevitability defined by Planck’s constant and the speed of light.The relation mr=ℏ/C reveals that the first moment of mass is a universal invariant linking energy, curvature, and frequency.
Author: Konno, Tetsuo
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7092210538
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