Electron Surface Detachment and Re-Encapsulation: A Closed Surface Model of Spark and Combustion Phenomena
Year: 2025
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: This paper presents a unified interpretation of metallic behavior, electrical discharge, and combustion within the framework of Closed Surface Theory.It proposes that a metal is a macroscopic closed surface covered by continuously chained electron layers.Pure metals form fully continuous surfaces, whereas nonmetals and alloys exhibit partial discontinuities in electron-phase connectivity.When this continuity is disrupted—by mechanical detachment, impact, or electrical tearing—the electron surface separates and emits a spark.Combustion is redefined as the re-encapsulation process, in which detached electron surfaces recombine with the encapsulated layers of hydrocarbon and oxygen molecules, producing heat and light through continuous surface reconstruction.The model provides a geometrical equation of energy transformation, ΔE=σ⋅ΔA, linking surface tension and area variation to observable energetic phenomena.
Author: Konno, Tetsuo
Language: English
Subfield: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Field: Chemical Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7095039160
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