Work

Mechanisms of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity

Year: 2013

Type: review

Abstract: Most blood vessels are surrounded by adipose tissue. Similarly to the adventitia, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was considered only as a passive structural support for the vasculature, and it was routinely removed for isolated blood vessel studies. In 1991, Soltis and Cassis demonstrated for the first time that PVAT reduced contractions to noradrenaline in rat aorta. Since then, an important number of adipocyte-derived factors with physiological and pathophysiological paracrine vasoactive effects have been identified. PVAT undergoes structural and functional changes in obesity. During early diet-induced obesity, an adaptative overproduction of vasodilator factors occurs in PVAT, probably aimed at protecting vascular function. However, in established obesity, PVAT loses its anticontractile properties by an increase of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory factors, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The aim of this review is to focus on PVAT dysfunction mechanisms in obesity.

Source: International Journal of Endocrinology

DOI: 10.1155/2013/402053

Authors: Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso, Marta Gil-Ortega, Concha F. García-Prieto, Isabel Aranguez, Mariano Ruiz-Gayo, Beatriz Somoza

Institutions: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad San Pablo CEU

Language: English

Topic: Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity

Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,830