Electron Mass and Charge from phi-Toroidal Resonance
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This paper presents a single-file proof spine deriving the electron rest mass (m_e) and electric charge (e) from a phi-toroidal resonance model that extends the mass–energy ledger T^{00}=(rho_rest+rho_EM+rho_phi)c^2. The route is: (i) a phi-coherent toroidal mode lattice; (ii) tensor accounting with stored phi-energy density rho_phi; (iii) a geometry-induced spectral floor; (iv) renormalization matching that fixes alpha at low energy. We state explicit hypotheses, track constants in a versioned ledger, and give falsifiable metrology predictions (gravimetric mass shift, cavity/clock shifts). The manuscript is ASCII-safe LaTeX and compiles on TeX Live 2025. Supplement includes constants CSV and build instructions. Article / Theoretical Physics – HWFT Clay 1 Note on validation:This result is part of the Harald Wave Field Theory (HWFT) program. Evidence is presented in parallel tracks: Open, classical validation — φ-law oblateness and c²-form law, tested directly on NASA/IAU datasets. Controlled-access validation — randomness/prime structure results under a 12-month responsible disclosure embargo (auto-open 2026-09-27). See the Golden Framework community for cross-linked works:👉 https://zenodo.org/communities/golden-framework/
Author: Angell, Harald
Language: English
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7101580855
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