GR–CS and the Dark Energy Problem
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This concept paper extends the General Relativity – Clock Shift (GR-CS) framework to the cosmological scale, proposing that the phenomenon interpreted as “dark energy” arises from a temporal-gradient field rather than from vacuum energy or metric expansion. In this view, the observed cosmic acceleration reflects differential clock rates across energy densities, not a dynamical Λ term. The work preserves all classical GR predictions while providing a time-first explanation of luminosity-distance data consistent with supernova, BAO, and CMB observations. No proprietary equations or numerical fits are included.
Author: Wolford, Charles
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7104064112
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