Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: In the era of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the main RF system will be limited in voltage and power on the injection plateau due to strong beam loading. At the same time, significant start-of ramp losses, that are originating from capture and flat bottom losses, are expected and can severely impact machine availability or even prevent the beam from reaching the collision energy. In this contribution, we present the recent experience with high-intensity beams during operation and dedicated measurements to give an update on the estimated RF voltage reach for HL-LHC beam parameters. Projections for beam losses at capture, along the flat bottom, and at the start of the ramp are calculated, taking into account also the effect of intra-beam scattering. We discuss in detail the mitigation measures put in place, such as high-efficiency klystrons, the revision of beam loss monitor thresholds at the start of the ramp, and automatic working point optimization.
Authors: Timko,Helga, Butterworth,Andrew, Karlsen-Bæck,Birk Emil, Marrelli,Chiara, Turaj,Katarzyna, Zampetakis,Michail, Catalan-Lasheras,Nuria, Calaga,Rama
Language: English
Subfield: Aerospace Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7104288909
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