Is God's acceptance necessary to explain the origin of the Universe or are there sufficiently present theories in modern Science?
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: An extended scientific–philosophical essay examining whether the origin of the Universe requires the existence or intervention of a deity, or whether modern physics provides sufficient natural explanations. The work synthesizes key theoretical frameworks from contemporary cosmology—including General Relativity, Quantum Field Theory, the Friedmann equations, the Wheeler–DeWitt formalism, vacuum energy, and Hawking’s no-boundary proposal—to argue for a self-contained Universe governed by natural laws. It also incorporates a philosophical analysis inspired by Carl Sagan’s methodological naturalism, addressing epistemological limits, empirical justification, and the role of scientific reasoning in cosmological inquiry.
Author: Romeiro Varandas, Martim Afonso
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7105067584
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