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Data Transmission of LoRa as Wireless Sensor Network for Integrated Krakatau Observatory Network

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Integrated Krakatau Observatory Networks (IKON) is designed as a monitoring and observation system by which the processed data collected from mount Anak Krakatau area is utilized for a near-end tsunami early warning system (T-EWS) in Sunda Strait. The IKON composes of several specific purpose of wireless sensor network (WSN) such as water level sensors, under water pressure sensors, seismic sensors, etc. The WSNs are located separately in the specific area at mount Anak Krakatau and surrounding islands and sea. The collected data are transmitted wirelessly to the main hub called Sink Node. To be able to send the data, a long-range radio frequency module is required. This work studied the capability of LoRA RF module to be implemented as WSN infrastructure for IKON. There are two tests which have been done, they are functional testing and performance testing. On functional testing, the system runs well which means the system can send and receive the packet. Performance testing is carried out to study device module performance based on QoS considering the variation of distance and the packet size. The test result shows that the module can send packets up to 6.01 Km with a 128-byte packet. However, the total packet loss ratio for the measurement in real environment reach 38.51%. Based on the results, it is concluded that this kind of LoRA can be used for IKON, but further adjustments and setting are required for better reliability and durability of data transmission.
Authors: ULVAN Melvi, BATUBARA Mona, HUSRIN Semeidi, ARYANTO Aryanto, TANTI Novri, ULVAN Ardian
Language: English
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7106478575
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