Supermassive Black Holes as Cosmological Entropy Engines: Continuous Matter Creation in the Eternal Stationary Universe
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Supermassive black holes act as long-term entropy engines. Through continuous, lowefficiency photon-to-baryon conversion in relativistic pre-horizon regions, they inject the mass required to maintain the baryon density and the CMB energy balance in an eternal universe. This process is a manifestation of the same law F = −mκ∇s with κ = (2.1 ± 0.3) × 10⁴⁷ m³ K⁻¹
Author: Rippel, Jair Rippel Junior
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7106565114
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