Spondias tuberosa Seed as a Source of Bioactives by an Optimized Microwave-Assisted Green Extraction
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Umbu ( Spondias tuberosa Arruda) is a native Brazilian Caatinga fruit. The pulp is the main product of its agroindustrialization; however, depulping generates approximately 25% of residue. This study aimed to recover bioactive compounds from umbu seed through a more sustainable approach, using propylene glycol as a solvent in microwave-assisted solid–liquid extraction. Additionally, the study evaluated the chemical profile, photoprotective action, and in vitro toxicity. An experimental design using percentage of propylene glycol (15–85%) and temperature (59–201 °C) as independent variables was adopted. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH •, ABTS •+, and FRAP were evaluated as responses. The highest response values were observed at 201 °C and 60% propylene glycol. Adjusting the extraction time to 15 min resulted in a 41% increase in TPC. According to UPLC-HRMS/MS analysis, the optimized extract is mainly composed of phenolic compounds. It showed a sun protection factor of 13 at 30 mg/mL. Furthermore, the 25% extract showed no toxicity in the G. mellonella model. Therefore, the use of propylene glycol as a green solvent in microwave-assisted extraction favored the recovery of bioactive compounds from umbu seed, enabling the production of a bioproduct with potential cosmetic application.
Source: ACS Omega
Authors: Ester Fonseca da Conceição, Carolline Margot Albanez Lorentino, Thayssa da Silva Ferreira Fagundes, Alex de Aguiar Novo, Claudete Norie Kunigami, André Luis Souza dos Santos, Davyson de Lima Moreira, Eliane Przytyk Jung, Leilson de Oliveira Ribeiro
Language: English
Subfield: Biochemistry
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,935
OpenAlex ID: W7106630659