Bullet Cluster Dynamics in TPST and TGM: An Elastic-Spacetime Alternative to Dark Matter
Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: The Bullet Cluster (1E 0657–56) is widely considered one of the strongest pieces of evidence for particle dark matter due to the observed offset between the X-ray plasma and gravitational lensing peaks.In this work, we provide a full alternative explanation using the Tareq Planck Spacetime Theory (TPST) and the Tareq Gravity Model (TGM).TPST describes spacetime as an elastic Planck-scale lattice, while TGM is the macroscopic scalar-gravity limit that emerges from this structure. During a high-velocity cluster collision, the baryonic plasma is collisional and slows down, whereas galaxies and the elastic curvature field propagate nearly collisionlessly through the spacetime lattice.As a result, the gravitational lensing peaks trace the curvature field rather than the gas, naturally reproducing the observed mass–gas separation without invoking exotic dark matter particles.This paper presents the full TPST/TGM field equations, the relativistic extension (TPST-GR), curvature-transport dynamics, lensing formulation, and observational predictions that distinguish this framework from ΛCDM.
Author: Siddique, MD Tareq
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7107951041
FWCI:
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: