Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: This paper discusses the application of andragogical theory in language and communication learning among adults. Language learning today extends beyond the mastery of grammar and vocabulary; it also emphasizes the development of authentic communication competence relevant to real-life, professional, and social contexts. Drawing upon Malcolm Knowles’ six core principles of andragogy—namely the need to know, self-concept, experience, readiness to learn, problem-based orientation, and intrinsic motivation—this article elaborates on how these principles strengthen the effectiveness of language learning. The discussion also highlights key challenges, such as time constraints, varying levels of digital literacy, and difficulties in aligning traditional curricula with adult learning principles. Furthermore, the paper explores the future direction of language education through the integration of modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and adaptive learning systems. Overall, the discussion demonstrates that andragogy-based language learning has the potential to enhance adult communication in the context of globalization, making the learning process more flexible, meaningful, and effective.
Authors: Norasyikin Osman, Norhayati Che Hat, Mohd Shahrizal Nasir, Mohd Ala-Uddin Othman, Mohd Firdaus Yahaya
Institution: Sultan Zainal Abidin University
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: diamond
Funder: Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
OpenAlex ID: W7107952734
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