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Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Tropospheric Pollutants and Land Surface Temperature over Andhra Pradesh, India: A Google Earth Engine-Based Satellite Remote Sensing Study (2020–2024)

Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Air quality monitoring is the need of the hour in Andhra Pradesh, owing to the accelerated pace of urbanization and industrial growth in certain areas. This study undertakes a detailed spatio-temporal evaluation of six major air pollutants-carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) along with Land Surface Temperature (LST) across the state for the period 2020–2024. In the current study a multi-sensor suite of satellite data was processed and analyzed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, which includes Sentinel-5P for trace gases, MODIS-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) for particulate matter, and Landsat 8 for LST. The results reveal persistent pollution hotspots concentrated in the industrial corridors of Visakhapatnam-Kakinada and the urban agglomerations of Vijayawada and Tirupati, particularly for NO₂ and PM2.5. Temporal analysis indicates a significant reduction in NO₂ during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, followed by a gradual rebound in later years. High-resolution LST analysis distinctly delineated the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in major cities. A key contribution of this work is the development and application of a multi-level threat classification framework, which translates raw concentration data into an intuitive risk assessment map for each parameter. This research validates a scalable, multi-sensor approach for environmental surveillance and provides actionable, data-driven insights to support evidence-based air quality management and sustainable urban planning.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17748019
Authors: Goutham, M.R, Duvvuri, Suneel Kumar, Goudu, Umamahesh
Language: English
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7107960722
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